---
layout: default
title: JavaScript
slug: js
lead: "Bring Bootstrap's components to life with over a dozen custom jQuery plugins. Easily include them all, or one by one."
base_url: "../"
---
Overview
Individual or compiled
Plugins can be included individually (using Bootstrap's individual *.js files), or all at once (using bootstrap.js or the minified bootstrap.min.js).
Do not attempt to include both.
Both bootstrap.js and bootstrap.min.js contain all plugins in a single file.
Plugin dependencies
Some plugins and CSS components depend on other plugins. If you include plugins individually, make sure to check for these dependencies in the docs. Also note that all plugins depend on jQuery (this means jQuery must be included before the plugin files). Consult our bower.json to see which versions of jQuery are supported.
Data attributes
You can use all Bootstrap plugins purely through the markup API without writing a single line of JavaScript. This is Bootstrap's first-class API and should be your first consideration when using a plugin.
That said, in some situations it may be desirable to turn this functionality off. Therefore, we also provide the ability to disable the data attribute API by unbinding all events on the document namespaced with data-api. This looks like this:
{% highlight js %}
$(document).off('.data-api')
{% endhighlight %}
Alternatively, to target a specific plugin, just include the plugin's name as a namespace along with the data-api namespace like this:
We also believe you should be able to use all Bootstrap plugins purely through the JavaScript API. All public APIs are single, chainable methods, and return the collection acted upon.
All methods should accept an optional options object, a string which targets a particular method, or nothing (which initiates a plugin with default behavior):
{% highlight js %}
$('#myModal').modal() // initialized with defaults
$('#myModal').modal({ keyboard: false }) // initialized with no keyboard
$('#myModal').modal('show') // initializes and invokes show immediately
{% endhighlight %}
Each plugin also exposes its raw constructor on a Constructor property: $.fn.popover.Constructor. If you'd like to get a particular plugin instance, retrieve it directly from an element: $('[rel=popover]').data('popover').
No conflict
Sometimes it is necessary to use Bootstrap plugins with other UI frameworks. In these circumstances, namespace collisions can occasionally occur. If this happens, you may call .noConflict on the plugin you wish to revert the value of.
{% highlight js %}
var bootstrapButton = $.fn.button.noConflict() // return $.fn.button to previously assigned value
$.fn.bootstrapBtn = bootstrapButton // give $().bootstrapBtn the Bootstrap functionality
{% endhighlight %}
Events
Bootstrap provides custom events for most plugin's unique actions. Generally, these come in an infinitive and past participle form - where the infinitive (ex. show) is triggered at the start of an event, and its past participle form (ex. shown) is trigger on the completion of an action.
As of 3.0.0, all Bootstrap events are namespaced.
All infinitive events provide preventDefault functionality. This provides the ability to stop the execution of an action before it starts.
{% highlight js %}
$('#myModal').on('show.bs.modal', function (e) {
if (!data) return e.preventDefault() // stops modal from being shown
})
{% endhighlight %}
Third-party libraries
Bootstrap does not officially support third-party JavaScript libraries like Prototype or jQuery UI. Despite .noConflict and namespaced events, there may be compatibility problems that you need to fix on your own. Ask on the mailing list if you need help.
Transitions transition.js
About transitions
For simple transition effects, include transition.js once alongside the other JS files. If you're using the compiled (or minified) bootstrap.js, there is no need to include this—it's already there.
What's inside
Transition.js is a basic helper for transitionEnd events as well as a CSS transition emulator. It's used by the other plugins to check for CSS transition support and to catch hanging transitions.
Modals modal.js
Examples
Modals are streamlined, but flexible, dialog prompts with the minimum required functionality and smart defaults.
Overlapping modals not supported
Be sure not to open a modal while another is still visible. Showing more than one modal at a time requires custom code.
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{% highlight html %}
Modal title
...
{% endhighlight %}
Make modals accessible
Be sure to add role="dialog" to .modal, aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" attribute to reference the modal title, and aria-hidden="true" to tell assistive technologies to skip the modal's DOM elements.
Additionally, you may give a description of your modal dialog with aria-describedby on .modal.
Usage
The modal plugin toggles your hidden content on demand, via data attributes or JavaScript. It also adds .model-open to the <body> to override default scrolling behavior and generates a .modal-backdrop to provide a click area for dismissing shown modals when clicking outside the modal.
Via data attributes
Activate a modal without writing JavaScript. Set data-toggle="modal" on a controller element, like a button, along with a data-target="#foo" or href="#foo" to target a specific modal to toggle.
{% highlight html %}
{% endhighlight %}
Via JavaScript
Call a modal with id myModal with a single line of JavaScript:
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-, as in data-backdrop="".
Name
type
default
description
backdrop
boolean or the string 'static'
true
Includes a modal-backdrop element. Alternatively, specify static for a backdrop which doesn't close the modal on click.
keyboard
boolean
true
Closes the modal when escape key is pressed
show
boolean
true
Shows the modal when initialized.
remote
path
false
If a remote URL is provided, content will be loaded via jQuery's load method and injected into the root of the modal element. If you're using the data-api, you may alternatively use the href attribute to specify the remote source. An example of this is shown below:
Manually toggles a modal. Returns to the caller before the modal has actually been shown or hidden (i.e. before the shown.bs.modal or hidden.bs.modal event occurs).
Bootstrap's modal class exposes a few events for hooking into modal functionality.
Event Type
Description
show.bs.modal
This event fires immediately when the show instance method is called. If caused by a click, the clicked element is available as the relatedTarget property of the event.
shown.bs.modal
This event is fired when the modal has been made visible to the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete). If caused by a click, the clicked element is available as the relatedTarget property of the event.
hide.bs.modal
This event is fired immediately when the hide instance method has been called.
hidden.bs.modal
This event is fired when the modal has finished being hidden from the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).
{% highlight js %}
$('#myModal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function (e) {
// do something...
})
{% endhighlight %}
Dropdowns dropdown.js
Examples
Add dropdown menus to nearly anything with this simple plugin, including the navbar, tabs, and pills.
Via data attributes or JavaScript, the dropdown plugin toggles hidden content (dropdown menus) by toggling the .open class on the parent list item. When opened, the plugin also adds .dropdown-backdrop as a click area for closing dropdown menus when clicking outside the menu.
Via data attributes
Add data-toggle="dropdown" to a link or button to toggle a dropdown.
Toggles the dropdown menu of a given navbar or tabbed navigation.
Events
Event Type
Description
show.bs.dropdown
This event fires immediately when the show instance method is called.
shown.bs.dropdown
This event is fired when the dropdown has been made visible to the user (will wait for CSS transitions, to complete).
hide.bs.dropdown
This event is fired immediately when the hide instance method has been called.
hidden.bs.dropdown
This event is fired when the dropdown has finished being hidden from the user (will wait for CSS transitions, to complete).
{% highlight js %}
$('#myDropdown').on('show.bs.dropdown', function () {
// do something…
})
{% endhighlight %}
ScrollSpy scrollspy.js
Example in navbar
The ScrollSpy plugin is for automatically updating nav targets based on scroll position. Scroll the area below the navbar and watch the active class change. The dropdown sub items will be highlighted as well.
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Usage
Via data attributes
To easily add scrollspy behavior to your topbar navigation, add data-spy="scroll" to the element you want to spy on (most typically this would be the <body>). Then add the data-target attribute with the ID or class of the parent element of any Bootstrap .nav component.
Navbar links must have resolvable id targets. For example, a <a href="#home">home</a> must correspond to something in the DOM like <div id="home"></div>.
Methods
.scrollspy('refresh')
When using scrollspy in conjunction with adding or removing of elements from the DOM, you'll need to call the refresh method like so:
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{% highlight js %}
$('#myTab a[href="#profile"]').tab('show') // Select tab by name
$('#myTab a:first').tab('show') // Select first tab
$('#myTab a:last').tab('show') // Select last tab
$('#myTab li:eq(2) a').tab('show') // Select third tab (0-indexed)
{% endhighlight %}
Markup
You can activate a tab or pill navigation without writing any JavaScript by simply specifying data-toggle="tab" or data-toggle="pill" on an element. Adding the nav and nav-tabs classes to the tab ul will apply the Bootstrap tab styling, while adding the nav and nav-pills classes will apply pill styling.
This event fires on tab show, but before the new tab has been shown. Use event.target and event.relatedTarget to target the active tab and the previous active tab (if available) respectively.
shown.bs.tab
This event fires on tab show after a tab has been shown. Use event.target and event.relatedTarget to target the active tab and the previous active tab (if available) respectively.
Inspired by the excellent jQuery.tipsy plugin written by Jason Frame; Tooltips are an updated version, which don't rely on images, use CSS3 for animations, and data-attributes for local title storage.
Hover over the links below to see tooltips:
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Four directions
Opt-in functionality
For performance reasons, the Tooltip and Popover data-apis are opt-in, meaning you must initialize them yourself.
Tooltips in button groups and input groups require special setting
When using tooltips on elements within a .btn-group or an .input-group, you'll have to specify the option container: 'body' (documented below) to avoid unwanted side effects (such as the element growing wider and/or losing its rounded corners when the tooltip is triggered).
Tooltips on disabled elements require wrapper elements
To add a tooltip to a disabled or .disabled element, put the element inside of a <div> and apply the tooltip to that <div> instead.
Usage
The tooltip plugin generates content and markup on demand, and by default places tooltips after their trigger element.
The generated markup of a tooltip is rather simple, though it does require a position (by default, set to top by the plugin).
{% highlight html linenos %}
Tooltip!
{% endhighlight %}
Options
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-, as in data-animation="".
Name
type
default
description
animation
boolean
true
apply a CSS fade transition to the tooltip
html
boolean
false
Insert HTML into the tooltip. If false, jQuery's text method will be used to insert content into the DOM. Use text if you're worried about XSS attacks.
placement
string | function
'top'
how to position the tooltip - top | bottom | left | right | auto. When "auto" is specified, it will dynamically reorient the tooltip. For example, if placement is "auto left", the tooltip will display to the left when possible, otherwise it will display right.
selector
string
false
If a selector is provided, tooltip objects will be delegated to the specified targets.
title
string | function
''
default title value if title attribute isn't present
trigger
string
'hover focus'
how tooltip is triggered - click | hover | focus | manual. You may pass multiple triggers; separate them with a space.
delay
number | object
0
delay showing and hiding the tooltip (ms) - does not apply to manual trigger type
If a number is supplied, delay is applied to both hide/show
Object structure is: delay: { show: 500, hide: 100 }
container
string | false
false
Appends the tooltip to a specific element. Example: container: 'body'
Data attributes for individual tooltips
Options for individual tooltips can alternatively be specified through the use of data attributes, as explained above.
Markup
{% highlight html %}
Hover over me
{% endhighlight %}
Methods
$().tooltip(options)
Attaches a tooltip handler to an element collection.
This event fires immediately when the show instance method is called.
shown.bs.tooltip
This event is fired when the tooltip has been made visible to the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).
hide.bs.tooltip
This event is fired immediately when the hide instance method has been called.
hidden.bs.tooltip
This event is fired when the tooltip has finished being hidden from the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).
{% highlight js %}
$('#myTooltip').on('hidden.bs.tooltip', function () {
// do something…
})
{% endhighlight %}
Popovers popover.js
Examples
Add small overlays of content, like those on the iPad, to any element for housing secondary information.
Plugin dependency
Popovers require the tooltip plugin to be included in your version of Bootstrap.
Opt-in functionality
For performance reasons, the Tooltip and Popover data-apis are opt-in, meaning you must initialize them yourself.
Popovers in button groups and input groups require special setting
When using popovers on elements within a .btn-group or an .input-group, you'll have to specify the option container: 'body' (documented below) to avoid unwanted side effects (such as the element growing wider and/or losing its rounded corners when the popover is triggered).
Popovers on disabled elements require wrapper elements
To add a popover to a disabled or .disabled element, put the element inside of a <div> and apply the popover to that <div> instead.
Static popover
Four options are available: top, right, bottom, and left aligned.
Popover top
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Popover right
Sed posuere consectetur est at lobortis. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum.
Popover bottom
Sed posuere consectetur est at lobortis. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum.
Popover left
Sed posuere consectetur est at lobortis. Aenean eu leo quam. Pellentesque ornare sem lacinia quam venenatis vestibulum.
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-, as in data-animation="".
Name
type
default
description
animation
boolean
true
apply a CSS fade transition to the tooltip
html
boolean
false
Insert HTML into the popover. If false, jQuery's text method will be used to insert content into the DOM. Use text if you're worried about XSS attacks.
placement
string | function
'right'
how to position the popover - top | bottom | left | right | auto. When "auto" is specified, it will dynamically reorient the popover. For example, if placement is "auto left", the tooltip will display to the left when possible, otherwise it will display right.
selector
string
false
if a selector is provided, tooltip objects will be delegated to the specified targets. in practice, this is used to enable dynamic HTML content to have popovers added. See this and an informative example.
trigger
string
'click'
how popover is triggered - click | hover | focus | manual
title
string | function
''
default title value if title attribute isn't present
content
string | function
''
default content value if data-content attribute isn't present
delay
number | object
0
delay showing and hiding the popover (ms) - does not apply to manual trigger type
If a number is supplied, delay is applied to both hide/show
Object structure is: delay: { show: 500, hide: 100 }
container
string | false
false
Appends the popover to a specific element. Example: container: 'body'. This option is particularly useful in that it allows you to position the popover in the flow of the document near the triggering element - which will prevent the popover from floating away from the triggering element during a window resize.
Data attributes for individual popovers
Options for individual popovers can alternatively be specified through the use of data attributes, as explained above.
This event fires immediately when the show instance method is called.
shown.bs.popover
This event is fired when the popover has been made visible to the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).
hide.bs.popover
This event is fired immediately when the hide instance method has been called.
hidden.bs.popover
This event is fired when the popover has finished being hidden from the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).
{% highlight js %}
$('#myPopover').on('hidden.bs.popover', function () {
// do something…
})
{% endhighlight %}
Alert messages alert.js
Example alerts
Add dismiss functionality to all alert messages with this plugin.
Holy guacamole! Best check yo self, you're not looking too good.
Oh snap! You got an error!
Change this and that and try again. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Cras mattis consectetur purus sit amet fermentum.
Wraps all alerts with close functionality. To have your alerts animate out when closed, make sure they have the .fade and .in class already applied to them.
Data attributes are integral to the button plugin. Check out the example code below for the various markup types.
Options
None
Methods
$().button('toggle')
Toggles push state. Gives the button the appearance that it has been activated.
Auto toggling
You can enable auto toggling of a button by using the data-toggle attribute.
{% highlight html %}
{% endhighlight %}
$().button('loading')
Sets button state to loading - disables button and swaps text to loading text. Loading text should be defined on the button element using the data attribute data-loading-text.
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Anim pariatur cliche reprehenderit, enim eiusmod high life accusamus terry richardson ad squid. 3 wolf moon officia aute, non cupidatat skateboard dolor brunch. Food truck quinoa nesciunt laborum eiusmod. Brunch 3 wolf moon tempor, sunt aliqua put a bird on it squid single-origin coffee nulla assumenda shoreditch et. Nihil anim keffiyeh helvetica, craft beer labore wes anderson cred nesciunt sapiente ea proident. Ad vegan excepteur butcher vice lomo. Leggings occaecat craft beer farm-to-table, raw denim aesthetic synth nesciunt you probably haven't heard of them accusamus labore sustainable VHS.
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{% endhighlight %}
You can also use the plugin without the accordion markup. Make a button toggle the expanding and collapsing of another element.
{% highlight html %}
...
{% endhighlight %}
Usage
The collapse plugin utilizes a few classes to handle the heavy lifting:
.collapse hides the content
.collapse.in shows the content
.collapsing is added when the transition starts, and removed when it finishes
These classes can be found in component-animations.less.
Via data attributes
Just add data-toggle="collapse" and a data-target to element to automatically assign control of a collapsible element. The data-target attribute accepts a CSS selector to apply the collapse to. Be sure to add the class collapse to the collapsible element. If you'd like it to default open, add the additional class in.
To add accordion-like group management to a collapsible control, add the data attribute data-parent="#selector". Refer to the demo to see this in action.
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-, as in data-parent="".
Name
type
default
description
parent
selector
false
If selector then all collapsible elements under the specified parent will be closed when this collapsible item is shown. (similar to traditional accordion behavior - this dependent on the accordion-group class)
toggle
boolean
true
Toggles the collapsible element on invocation
Methods
.collapse(options)
Activates your content as a collapsible element. Accepts an optional options object.
{% highlight js %}
$('#myCollapsible').collapse({
toggle: false
})
{% endhighlight %}
.collapse('toggle')
Toggles a collapsible element to shown or hidden.
.collapse('show')
Shows a collapsible element.
.collapse('hide')
Hides a collapsible element.
Events
Bootstrap's collapse class exposes a few events for hooking into collapse functionality.
Event Type
Description
show.bs.collapse
This event fires immediately when the show instance method is called.
shown.bs.collapse
This event is fired when a collapse element has been made visible to the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).
hide.bs.collapse
This event is fired immediately when the hide method has been called.
hidden.bs.collapse
This event is fired when a collapse element has been hidden from the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).
{% highlight js %}
$('#myCollapsible').on('hidden.bs.collapse', function () {
// do something…
})
{% endhighlight %}
Carousel carousel.js
Examples
The slideshow below shows a generic plugin and component for cycling through elements like a carousel.
{% highlight html %}
...
...
{% endhighlight %}
Transition animations not supported in Internet Explorer 8 & 9
Bootstrap exclusively uses CSS3 for its animations, but Internet Explorer 8 & 9 don't support the necessary CSS properties. Thus, there are no slide transition animations when using these browsers. We have intentionally decided not to include jQuery-based fallbacks for the transitions.
Optional captions
Add captions to your slides easily with the .carousel-caption element within any .item. Place just about any optional HTML within there and it will be automatically aligned and formatted.
First slide label
Nulla vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue mollis interdum.
Second slide label
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Third slide label
Praesent commodo cursus magna, vel scelerisque nisl consectetur.
{% highlight html %}
...
...
{% endhighlight %}
Accessibility issue
The carousel component is generally not compliant with accessibility standards. If you need to be compliant, please consider other options for presenting your content.
Usage
Via data attributes
Use data attributes to easily control the position of the carousel. data-slide accepts the keywords prev or next, which alters the slide position relative to its current position. Alternatively, use data-slide-to to pass a raw slide index to the carousel data-slide-to="2", which shifts the slide position to a particular index beginning with 0.
The data-ride="carousel" attribute is used to mark a carousel as animating starting at page load.
Cycles through the carousel items from left to right.
.carousel('pause')
Stops the carousel from cycling through items.
.carousel(number)
Cycles the carousel to a particular frame (0 based, similar to an array).
.carousel('prev')
Cycles to the previous item.
.carousel('next')
Cycles to the next item.
Events
Bootstrap's carousel class exposes two events for hooking into carousel functionality.
Event Type
Description
slide.bs.carousel
This event fires immediately when the slide instance method is invoked.
slid.bs.carousel
This event is fired when the carousel has completed its slide transition.
{% highlight js %}
$('#myCarousel').on('slide.bs.carousel', function () {
// do something…
})
{% endhighlight %}
Affix affix.js
Example
The subnavigation on the left is a live demo of the affix plugin.
Usage
Use the affix plugin via data attributes or manually with your own JavaScript. In both situations, you must provide CSS for the positioning of your content.
Positioning via CSS
The affix plugin toggles between three classes, each representing a particular state: .affix, .affix-top, and .affix-bottom. You must provide the styles for these classes yourself (independent of this plugin) to handle the actual positions.
Here's how the affix plugin works:
To start, the plugin adds .affix-top to indicate the element is in it's top-most position. At this point no CSS positioning is required.
Scrolling past the element you want affixed should trigger the actual affixing. This is where .affix replaces .affix-top and sets position: fixed; (provided by Bootstrap's code CSS).
If a bottom offset is defined, scrolling past that should replace .affix with .affix-bottom. Since offsets are optional, setting one requires you to set the appropriate CSS. In this case, add position: absolute; when necessary. The plugin uses the data attribute or JavaScript option to determine where to position the elemtn from there.
Follow the above steps to set your CSS for either of the usage options below.
Via data attributes
To easily add affix behavior to any element, just add data-spy="affix" to the element you want to spy on. Use offsets to define when to toggle the pinning of an element.
Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-, as in data-offset-top="200".
Name
type
default
description
offset
number | function | object
10
Pixels to offset from screen when calculating position of scroll. If a single number is provided, the offset will be applied in both top and bottom directions. To provide a unique, bottom and top offset just provide an object offset: { top: 10 } or offset: { top: 10, bottom: 5 }. Use a function when you need to dynamically calculate an offset.