early-access version 3287

README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 yuzu emulator early access
 =============
 
-This is the source code for early-access 3286.
+This is the source code for early-access 3287.
 
 ## Legal Notice
 

dist/yuzu.svg

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 612.15 680.17"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#c6c6c6;}.cls-2{fill:#ffdc00;}</style></defs><title>newAsset 7</title><g id="Layer_2" data-name="Layer 2"><g id="Layer_1-2" data-name="Layer 1"><g id="g823"><g id="right"><g id="g827"><g id="g833"><path id="path835" class="cls-1" d="M340.08,136V680.17c150.26,0,272.07-121.81,272.07-272.07S490.34,136,340.08,136m53.14,59.6a219.06,219.06,0,0,1,0,424.94V195.63"/></g></g></g><g id="left"><g id="g839"><g id="g845"><path id="path847" class="cls-2" d="M272.07,0C121.81,0,0,121.81,0,272.07S121.81,544.13,272.07,544.13ZM218.93,59.6V484.54A219,219,0,0,1,117.26,117.26,217.44,217.44,0,0,1,218.93,59.6"/></g></g></g></g></g></g></svg>

src/common/input.h

@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ enum class PollingMode {
     NFC,
     // Enable infrared camera polling
     IR,
+    // Enable ring controller polling
+    Ring,
 };
 
 enum class CameraFormat {
@@ -62,21 +64,22 @@ enum class CameraFormat {
     None,
 };
 
-// Vibration reply from the controller
+// Different results that can happen from a device request
-enum class VibrationError {
+enum class DriverResult {
-    None,
+    Success,
+    WrongReply,
+    Timeout,
+    UnsupportedControllerType,
+    HandleInUse,
+    ErrorReadingData,
+    ErrorWritingData,
+    NoDeviceDetected,
+    InvalidHandle,
     NotSupported,
     Disabled,
     Unknown,
 };
 
-// Polling mode reply from the controller
-enum class PollingError {
-    None,
-    NotSupported,
-    Unknown,
-};
-
 // Nfc reply from the controller
 enum class NfcState {
     Success,
@@ -90,13 +93,6 @@ enum class NfcState {
     Unknown,
 };
 
-// Ir camera reply from the controller
-enum class CameraError {
-    None,
-    NotSupported,
-    Unknown,
-};
-
 // Hint for amplification curve to be used
 enum class VibrationAmplificationType {
     Linear,
@@ -190,6 +186,8 @@ struct TouchStatus {
 struct BodyColorStatus {
     u32 body{};
     u32 buttons{};
+    u32 left_grip{};
+    u32 right_grip{};
 };
 
 // HD rumble data
@@ -228,17 +226,31 @@ enum class ButtonNames {
     Engine,
     // This will display the button by value instead of the button name
     Value,
+
+    // Joycon button names
     ButtonLeft,
     ButtonRight,
     ButtonDown,
     ButtonUp,
-    TriggerZ,
-    TriggerR,
-    TriggerL,
     ButtonA,
     ButtonB,
     ButtonX,
     ButtonY,
+    ButtonPlus,
+    ButtonMinus,
+    ButtonHome,
+    ButtonCapture,
+    ButtonStickL,
+    ButtonStickR,
+    TriggerL,
+    TriggerZL,
+    TriggerSL,
+    TriggerR,
+    TriggerZR,
+    TriggerSR,
+
+    // GC button names
+    TriggerZ,
     ButtonStart,
 
     // DS4 button names
@@ -319,22 +331,24 @@ class OutputDevice {
 public:
     virtual ~OutputDevice() = default;
 
-    virtual void SetLED([[maybe_unused]] const LedStatus& led_status) {}
+    virtual DriverResult SetLED([[maybe_unused]] const LedStatus& led_status) {
+        return DriverResult::NotSupported;
+    }
 
-    virtual VibrationError SetVibration([[maybe_unused]] const VibrationStatus& vibration_status) {
+    virtual DriverResult SetVibration([[maybe_unused]] const VibrationStatus& vibration_status) {
-        return VibrationError::NotSupported;
+        return DriverResult::NotSupported;
     }
 
     virtual bool IsVibrationEnabled() {
         return false;
     }
 
-    virtual PollingError SetPollingMode([[maybe_unused]] PollingMode polling_mode) {
+    virtual DriverResult SetPollingMode([[maybe_unused]] PollingMode polling_mode) {
-        return PollingError::NotSupported;
+        return DriverResult::NotSupported;
     }
 
-    virtual CameraError SetCameraFormat([[maybe_unused]] CameraFormat camera_format) {
+    virtual DriverResult SetCameraFormat([[maybe_unused]] CameraFormat camera_format) {
-        return CameraError::NotSupported;
+        return DriverResult::NotSupported;
     }
 
     virtual NfcState SupportsNfc() const {

src/common/settings.cpp

@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
     // Renderer
     values.fsr_sharpening_slider.SetGlobal(true);
     values.renderer_backend.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.renderer_force_max_clock.SetGlobal(true);
     values.vulkan_device.SetGlobal(true);
     values.aspect_ratio.SetGlobal(true);
     values.max_anisotropy.SetGlobal(true);
@@ -200,6 +201,7 @@ void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
     values.use_asynchronous_shaders.SetGlobal(true);
     values.use_fast_gpu_time.SetGlobal(true);
     values.use_pessimistic_flushes.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache.SetGlobal(true);
     values.bg_red.SetGlobal(true);
     values.bg_green.SetGlobal(true);
     values.bg_blue.SetGlobal(true);

src/common/settings.h

@@ -415,6 +415,7 @@ struct Values {
     // Renderer
     SwitchableSetting<RendererBackend, true> renderer_backend{
         RendererBackend::Vulkan, RendererBackend::OpenGL, RendererBackend::Null, "backend"};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> renderer_force_max_clock{true, "force_max_clock"};
     Setting<bool> renderer_debug{false, "debug"};
     Setting<bool> renderer_shader_feedback{false, "shader_feedback"};
     Setting<bool> enable_nsight_aftermath{false, "nsight_aftermath"};
@@ -451,6 +452,8 @@ struct Values {
     SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_shaders{false, "use_asynchronous_shaders"};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> use_fast_gpu_time{true, "use_fast_gpu_time"};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> use_pessimistic_flushes{false, "use_pessimistic_flushes"};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache{true,
+                                                             "use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache"};
 
     SwitchableSetting<u8> bg_red{0, "bg_red"};
     SwitchableSetting<u8> bg_green{0, "bg_green"};
@@ -477,6 +480,7 @@ struct Values {
 
     Setting<bool> enable_raw_input{false, "enable_raw_input"};
     Setting<bool> controller_navigation{true, "controller_navigation"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_joycon_driver{true, "enable_joycon_driver"};
 
     SwitchableSetting<bool> vibration_enabled{true, "vibration_enabled"};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_accurate_vibrations{false, "enable_accurate_vibrations"};

src/common/string_util.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ std::string ToUpper(std::string str) {
     return str;
 }
 
-std::string StringFromBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
+std::string StringFromBuffer(std::span<const u8> data) {
     return std::string(data.begin(), std::find(data.begin(), data.end(), '\0'));
 }
 

src/common/string_util.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ namespace Common {
 /// Make a string uppercase
 [[nodiscard]] std::string ToUpper(std::string str);
 
-[[nodiscard]] std::string StringFromBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& data);
+[[nodiscard]] std::string StringFromBuffer(std::span<const u8> data);
 
 [[nodiscard]] std::string StripSpaces(const std::string& s);
 [[nodiscard]] std::string StripQuotes(const std::string& s);

src/core/hid/emulated_controller.cpp

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ void EmulatedController::ReloadFromSettings() {
         motion_params[index] = Common::ParamPackage(player.motions[index]);
     }
 
+    controller.color_values = {};
     controller.colors_state.fullkey = {
         .body = GetNpadColor(player.body_color_left),
         .button = GetNpadColor(player.button_color_left),
@@ -106,6 +107,8 @@ void EmulatedController::ReloadFromSettings() {
         .button = GetNpadColor(player.button_color_right),
     };
 
+    ring_params[0] = Common::ParamPackage(Settings::values.ringcon_analogs);
+
     // Other or debug controller should always be a pro controller
     if (npad_id_type != NpadIdType::Other) {
         SetNpadStyleIndex(MapSettingsTypeToNPad(player.controller_type));
@@ -132,18 +135,28 @@ void EmulatedController::LoadDevices() {
     trigger_params[LeftIndex] = button_params[Settings::NativeButton::ZL];
     trigger_params[RightIndex] = button_params[Settings::NativeButton::ZR];
 
+    color_params[LeftIndex] = left_joycon;
+    color_params[RightIndex] = right_joycon;
+    color_params[LeftIndex].Set("color", true);
+    color_params[RightIndex].Set("color", true);
+
     battery_params[LeftIndex] = left_joycon;
     battery_params[RightIndex] = right_joycon;
     battery_params[LeftIndex].Set("battery", true);
     battery_params[RightIndex].Set("battery", true);
 
-    camera_params = Common::ParamPackage{"engine:camera,camera:1"};
+    camera_params[0] = right_joycon;
-    nfc_params = Common::ParamPackage{"engine:virtual_amiibo,nfc:1"};
+    camera_params[0].Set("camera", true);
+    camera_params[1] = Common::ParamPackage{"engine:camera,camera:1"};
+    ring_params[1] = Common::ParamPackage{"engine:joycon,axis_x:100,axis_y:101"};
+    nfc_params[0] = Common::ParamPackage{"engine:virtual_amiibo,nfc:1"};
+    nfc_params[1] = right_joycon;
+    nfc_params[1].Set("nfc", true);
 
     output_params[LeftIndex] = left_joycon;
     output_params[RightIndex] = right_joycon;
-    output_params[2] = camera_params;
+    output_params[2] = camera_params[1];
-    output_params[3] = nfc_params;
+    output_params[3] = nfc_params[0];
     output_params[LeftIndex].Set("output", true);
     output_params[RightIndex].Set("output", true);
     output_params[2].Set("output", true);
@@ -159,8 +172,11 @@ void EmulatedController::LoadDevices() {
                            Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
     std::ranges::transform(battery_params, battery_devices.begin(),
                            Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
-    camera_devices = Common::Input::CreateInputDevice(camera_params);
+    std::ranges::transform(color_params, color_devices.begin(), Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
-    nfc_devices = Common::Input::CreateInputDevice(nfc_params);
+    std::ranges::transform(camera_params, camera_devices.begin(), Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
+    std::ranges::transform(ring_params, ring_analog_devices.begin(),
+                           Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
+    std::ranges::transform(nfc_params, nfc_devices.begin(), Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
     std::ranges::transform(output_params, output_devices.begin(),
                            Common::Input::CreateOutputDevice);
 
@@ -322,6 +338,19 @@ void EmulatedController::ReloadInput() {
         battery_devices[index]->ForceUpdate();
     }
 
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < color_devices.size(); ++index) {
+        if (!color_devices[index]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        color_devices[index]->SetCallback({
+            .on_change =
+                [this, index](const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) {
+                    SetColors(callback, index);
+                },
+        });
+        color_devices[index]->ForceUpdate();
+    }
+
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < motion_devices.size(); ++index) {
         if (!motion_devices[index]) {
             continue;
@@ -335,22 +364,37 @@ void EmulatedController::ReloadInput() {
         motion_devices[index]->ForceUpdate();
     }
 
-    if (camera_devices) {
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < camera_devices.size(); ++index) {
-        camera_devices->SetCallback({
+        if (!camera_devices[index]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        camera_devices[index]->SetCallback({
             .on_change =
                 [this](const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) { SetCamera(callback); },
         });
-        camera_devices->ForceUpdate();
+        camera_devices[index]->ForceUpdate();
     }
 
-    if (nfc_devices) {
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < ring_analog_devices.size(); ++index) {
-        if (npad_id_type == NpadIdType::Handheld || npad_id_type == NpadIdType::Player1) {
+        if (!ring_analog_devices[index]) {
-            nfc_devices->SetCallback({
+            continue;
+        }
+        ring_analog_devices[index]->SetCallback({
+            .on_change =
+                [this](const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) { SetRingAnalog(callback); },
+        });
+        ring_analog_devices[index]->ForceUpdate();
+    }
+
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < nfc_devices.size(); ++index) {
+        if (!nfc_devices[index]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        nfc_devices[index]->SetCallback({
             .on_change =
                 [this](const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) { SetNfc(callback); },
         });
-            nfc_devices->ForceUpdate();
+        nfc_devices[index]->ForceUpdate();
-        }
     }
 
     // Register TAS devices. No need to force update
@@ -420,6 +464,9 @@ void EmulatedController::UnloadInput() {
     for (auto& battery : battery_devices) {
         battery.reset();
     }
+    for (auto& color : color_devices) {
+        color.reset();
+    }
     for (auto& output : output_devices) {
         output.reset();
     }
@@ -435,8 +482,15 @@ void EmulatedController::UnloadInput() {
     for (auto& stick : virtual_stick_devices) {
         stick.reset();
     }
-    camera_devices.reset();
+    for (auto& camera : camera_devices) {
-    nfc_devices.reset();
+        camera.reset();
+    }
+    for (auto& ring : ring_analog_devices) {
+        ring.reset();
+    }
+    for (auto& nfc : nfc_devices) {
+        nfc.reset();
+    }
 }
 
 void EmulatedController::EnableConfiguration() {
@@ -448,6 +502,11 @@ void EmulatedController::EnableConfiguration() {
 void EmulatedController::DisableConfiguration() {
     is_configuring = false;
 
+    // Get Joycon colors before turning on the controller
+    for (const auto& color_device : color_devices) {
+        color_device->ForceUpdate();
+    }
+
     // Apply temporary npad type to the real controller
     if (tmp_npad_type != npad_type) {
         if (is_connected) {
@@ -501,6 +560,9 @@ void EmulatedController::SaveCurrentConfig() {
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < player.motions.size(); ++index) {
         player.motions[index] = motion_params[index].Serialize();
     }
+    if (npad_id_type == NpadIdType::Player1) {
+        Settings::values.ringcon_analogs = ring_params[0].Serialize();
+    }
 }
 
 void EmulatedController::RestoreConfig() {
@@ -915,6 +977,58 @@ void EmulatedController::SetMotion(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback
     TriggerOnChange(ControllerTriggerType::Motion, true);
 }
 
+void EmulatedController::SetColors(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback,
+                                   std::size_t index) {
+    if (index >= controller.color_values.size()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
+    controller.color_values[index] = TransformToColor(callback);
+
+    if (is_configuring) {
+        lock.unlock();
+        TriggerOnChange(ControllerTriggerType::Color, false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (controller.color_values[index].body == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    controller.colors_state.fullkey = {
+        .body = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].body),
+        .button = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].buttons),
+    };
+    if (npad_type == NpadStyleIndex::ProController) {
+        controller.colors_state.left = {
+            .body = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].left_grip),
+            .button = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].buttons),
+        };
+        controller.colors_state.right = {
+            .body = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].right_grip),
+            .button = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].buttons),
+        };
+    } else {
+        switch (index) {
+        case LeftIndex:
+            controller.colors_state.left = {
+                .body = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].body),
+                .button = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].buttons),
+            };
+            break;
+        case RightIndex:
+            controller.colors_state.right = {
+                .body = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].body),
+                .button = GetNpadColor(controller.color_values[index].buttons),
+            };
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    lock.unlock();
+    TriggerOnChange(ControllerTriggerType::Color, true);
+}
+
 void EmulatedController::SetBattery(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback,
                                     std::size_t index) {
     if (index >= controller.battery_values.size()) {
@@ -1005,6 +1119,24 @@ void EmulatedController::SetCamera(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback
     TriggerOnChange(ControllerTriggerType::IrSensor, true);
 }
 
+void EmulatedController::SetRingAnalog(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) {
+    std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
+    const auto force_value = TransformToStick(callback);
+
+    controller.ring_analog_value = force_value.x;
+
+    if (is_configuring) {
+        lock.unlock();
+        TriggerOnChange(ControllerTriggerType::RingController, false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    controller.ring_analog_state.force = force_value.x.value;
+
+    lock.unlock();
+    TriggerOnChange(ControllerTriggerType::RingController, true);
+}
+
 void EmulatedController::SetNfc(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) {
     std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
     controller.nfc_values = TransformToNfc(callback);
@@ -1053,7 +1185,7 @@ bool EmulatedController::SetVibration(std::size_t device_index, VibrationValue v
         .type = type,
     };
     return output_devices[device_index]->SetVibration(status) ==
-           Common::Input::VibrationError::None;
+           Common::Input::DriverResult::Success;
 }
 
 bool EmulatedController::IsVibrationEnabled(std::size_t device_index) {
@@ -1075,7 +1207,8 @@ bool EmulatedController::IsVibrationEnabled(std::size_t device_index) {
     return output_devices[device_index]->IsVibrationEnabled();
 }
 
-bool EmulatedController::SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode) {
+Common::Input::DriverResult EmulatedController::SetPollingMode(
+    Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode) {
     LOG_INFO(Service_HID, "Set polling mode {}", polling_mode);
     auto& output_device = output_devices[static_cast<std::size_t>(DeviceIndex::Right)];
     auto& nfc_output_device = output_devices[3];
@@ -1083,8 +1216,11 @@ bool EmulatedController::SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode)
     const auto virtual_nfc_result = nfc_output_device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
     const auto mapped_nfc_result = output_device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
 
-    return virtual_nfc_result == Common::Input::PollingError::None ||
+    if (virtual_nfc_result == Common::Input::DriverResult::Success) {
-           mapped_nfc_result == Common::Input::PollingError::None;
+        return virtual_nfc_result;
+    }
+
+    return mapped_nfc_result;
 }
 
 bool EmulatedController::SetCameraFormat(
@@ -1095,13 +1231,22 @@ bool EmulatedController::SetCameraFormat(
     auto& camera_output_device = output_devices[2];
 
     if (right_output_device->SetCameraFormat(static_cast<Common::Input::CameraFormat>(
-            camera_format)) == Common::Input::CameraError::None) {
+            camera_format)) == Common::Input::DriverResult::Success) {
         return true;
     }
 
     // Fallback to Qt camera if native device doesn't have support
     return camera_output_device->SetCameraFormat(static_cast<Common::Input::CameraFormat>(
-               camera_format)) == Common::Input::CameraError::None;
+               camera_format)) == Common::Input::DriverResult::Success;
+}
+
+Common::ParamPackage EmulatedController::GetRingParam() const {
+    return ring_params[0];
+}
+
+void EmulatedController::SetRingParam(Common::ParamPackage param) {
+    ring_params[0] = std::move(param);
+    ReloadInput();
 }
 
 bool EmulatedController::HasNfc() const {
@@ -1395,6 +1540,10 @@ CameraValues EmulatedController::GetCameraValues() const {
     return controller.camera_values;
 }
 
+RingAnalogValue EmulatedController::GetRingSensorValues() const {
+    return controller.ring_analog_value;
+}
+
 HomeButtonState EmulatedController::GetHomeButtons() const {
     std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
     if (is_configuring) {
@@ -1488,6 +1637,10 @@ const CameraState& EmulatedController::GetCamera() const {
     return controller.camera_state;
 }
 
+RingSensorForce EmulatedController::GetRingSensorForce() const {
+    return controller.ring_analog_state;
+}
+
 const NfcState& EmulatedController::GetNfc() const {
     std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
     return controller.nfc_state;

src/core/hid/emulated_controller.h

@@ -35,19 +35,27 @@ using ControllerMotionDevices =
     std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>, Settings::NativeMotion::NumMotions>;
 using TriggerDevices =
     std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>, Settings::NativeTrigger::NumTriggers>;
+using ColorDevices =
+    std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>, max_emulated_controllers>;
 using BatteryDevices =
     std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>, max_emulated_controllers>;
-using CameraDevices = std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>;
+using CameraDevices =
-using NfcDevices = std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>;
+    std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>, max_emulated_controllers>;
+using RingAnalogDevices =
+    std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>, max_emulated_controllers>;
+using NfcDevices =
+    std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>, max_emulated_controllers>;
 using OutputDevices = std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::OutputDevice>, output_devices_size>;
 
 using ButtonParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, Settings::NativeButton::NumButtons>;
 using StickParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, Settings::NativeAnalog::NumAnalogs>;
 using ControllerMotionParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, Settings::NativeMotion::NumMotions>;
 using TriggerParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, Settings::NativeTrigger::NumTriggers>;
+using ColorParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, max_emulated_controllers>;
 using BatteryParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, max_emulated_controllers>;
-using CameraParams = Common::ParamPackage;
+using CameraParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, max_emulated_controllers>;
-using NfcParams = Common::ParamPackage;
+using RingAnalogParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, max_emulated_controllers>;
+using NfcParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, max_emulated_controllers>;
 using OutputParams = std::array<Common::ParamPackage, output_devices_size>;
 
 using ButtonValues = std::array<Common::Input::ButtonStatus, Settings::NativeButton::NumButtons>;
@@ -58,6 +66,7 @@ using ControllerMotionValues = std::array<ControllerMotionInfo, Settings::Native
 using ColorValues = std::array<Common::Input::BodyColorStatus, max_emulated_controllers>;
 using BatteryValues = std::array<Common::Input::BatteryStatus, max_emulated_controllers>;
 using CameraValues = Common::Input::CameraStatus;
+using RingAnalogValue = Common::Input::AnalogStatus;
 using NfcValues = Common::Input::NfcStatus;
 using VibrationValues = std::array<Common::Input::VibrationStatus, max_emulated_controllers>;
 
@@ -84,6 +93,10 @@ struct CameraState {
     std::size_t sample{};
 };
 
+struct RingSensorForce {
+    f32 force;
+};
+
 struct NfcState {
     Common::Input::NfcState state{};
     std::vector<u8> data{};
@@ -116,6 +129,7 @@ struct ControllerStatus {
     BatteryValues battery_values{};
     VibrationValues vibration_values{};
     CameraValues camera_values{};
+    RingAnalogValue ring_analog_value{};
     NfcValues nfc_values{};
 
     // Data for HID serices
@@ -129,6 +143,7 @@ struct ControllerStatus {
     ControllerColors colors_state{};
     BatteryLevelState battery_state{};
     CameraState camera_state{};
+    RingSensorForce ring_analog_state{};
     NfcState nfc_state{};
 };
 
@@ -141,6 +156,7 @@ enum class ControllerTriggerType {
     Battery,
     Vibration,
     IrSensor,
+    RingController,
     Nfc,
     Connected,
     Disconnected,
@@ -294,6 +310,9 @@ public:
     /// Returns the latest camera status from the controller with parameters
     CameraValues GetCameraValues() const;
 
+    /// Returns the latest status of analog input from the ring sensor with parameters
+    RingAnalogValue GetRingSensorValues() const;
+
     /// Returns the latest status of button input for the hid::HomeButton service
     HomeButtonState GetHomeButtons() const;
 
@@ -324,6 +343,9 @@ public:
     /// Returns the latest camera status from the controller
     const CameraState& GetCamera() const;
 
+    /// Returns the latest ringcon force sensor value
+    RingSensorForce GetRingSensorForce() const;
+
     /// Returns the latest ntag status from the controller
     const NfcState& GetNfc() const;
 
@@ -342,9 +364,9 @@ public:
     /**
      * Sets the desired data to be polled from a controller
      * @param polling_mode type of input desired buttons, gyro, nfc, ir, etc.
-     * @return true if SetPollingMode was successfull
+     * @return driver result from this command
      */
-    bool SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode);
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode);
 
     /**
      * Sets the desired camera format to be polled from a controller
@@ -353,6 +375,15 @@ public:
      */
     bool SetCameraFormat(Core::IrSensor::ImageTransferProcessorFormat camera_format);
 
+    // Returns the current mapped ring device
+    Common::ParamPackage GetRingParam() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the current mapped ring device
+     * @param param ParamPackage with ring sensor data to be mapped
+     */
+    void SetRingParam(Common::ParamPackage param);
+
     /// Returns true if the device has nfc support
     bool HasNfc() const;
 
@@ -432,10 +463,17 @@ private:
      */
     void SetMotion(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback, std::size_t index);
 
+    /**
+     * Updates the color status of the controller
+     * @param callback A CallbackStatus containing the color status
+     * @param index color ID of the to be updated
+     */
+    void SetColors(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback, std::size_t index);
+
     /**
      * Updates the battery status of the controller
      * @param callback A CallbackStatus containing the battery status
-     * @param index Button ID of the to be updated
+     * @param index battery ID of the to be updated
      */
     void SetBattery(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback, std::size_t index);
 
@@ -445,6 +483,12 @@ private:
      */
     void SetCamera(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback);
 
+    /**
+     * Updates the ring analog sensor status of the ring controller
+     * @param callback A CallbackStatus containing the force status
+     */
+    void SetRingAnalog(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback);
+
     /**
      * Updates the nfc status of the controller
      * @param callback A CallbackStatus containing the nfc status
@@ -484,7 +528,9 @@ private:
     ControllerMotionParams motion_params;
     TriggerParams trigger_params;
     BatteryParams battery_params;
+    ColorParams color_params;
     CameraParams camera_params;
+    RingAnalogParams ring_params;
     NfcParams nfc_params;
     OutputParams output_params;
 
@@ -493,7 +539,9 @@ private:
     ControllerMotionDevices motion_devices;
     TriggerDevices trigger_devices;
     BatteryDevices battery_devices;
+    ColorDevices color_devices;
     CameraDevices camera_devices;
+    RingAnalogDevices ring_analog_devices;
     NfcDevices nfc_devices;
     OutputDevices output_devices;
 

src/core/hid/emulated_devices.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ EmulatedDevices::EmulatedDevices() = default;
 EmulatedDevices::~EmulatedDevices() = default;
 
 void EmulatedDevices::ReloadFromSettings() {
-    ring_params = Common::ParamPackage(Settings::values.ringcon_analogs);
     ReloadInput();
 }
 
@@ -66,8 +65,6 @@ void EmulatedDevices::ReloadInput() {
         key_index++;
     }
 
-    ring_analog_device = Common::Input::CreateInputDevice(ring_params);
-
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < mouse_button_devices.size(); ++index) {
         if (!mouse_button_devices[index]) {
             continue;
@@ -122,13 +119,6 @@ void EmulatedDevices::ReloadInput() {
                 },
         });
     }
-
-    if (ring_analog_device) {
-        ring_analog_device->SetCallback({
-            .on_change =
-                [this](const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) { SetRingAnalog(callback); },
-        });
-    }
 }
 
 void EmulatedDevices::UnloadInput() {
@@ -145,7 +135,6 @@ void EmulatedDevices::UnloadInput() {
     for (auto& button : keyboard_modifier_devices) {
         button.reset();
     }
-    ring_analog_device.reset();
 }
 
 void EmulatedDevices::EnableConfiguration() {
@@ -165,7 +154,6 @@ void EmulatedDevices::SaveCurrentConfig() {
     if (!is_configuring) {
         return;
     }
-    Settings::values.ringcon_analogs = ring_params.Serialize();
 }
 
 void EmulatedDevices::RestoreConfig() {
@@ -175,15 +163,6 @@ void EmulatedDevices::RestoreConfig() {
     ReloadFromSettings();
 }
 
-Common::ParamPackage EmulatedDevices::GetRingParam() const {
-    return ring_params;
-}
-
-void EmulatedDevices::SetRingParam(Common::ParamPackage param) {
-    ring_params = std::move(param);
-    ReloadInput();
-}
-
 void EmulatedDevices::SetKeyboardButton(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback,
                                         std::size_t index) {
     if (index >= device_status.keyboard_values.size()) {
@@ -430,23 +409,6 @@ void EmulatedDevices::SetMouseStick(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callbac
     TriggerOnChange(DeviceTriggerType::Mouse);
 }
 
-void EmulatedDevices::SetRingAnalog(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) {
-    std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-    const auto force_value = TransformToStick(callback);
-
-    device_status.ring_analog_value = force_value.x;
-
-    if (is_configuring) {
-        device_status.ring_analog_value = {};
-        TriggerOnChange(DeviceTriggerType::RingController);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    device_status.ring_analog_state.force = force_value.x.value;
-
-    TriggerOnChange(DeviceTriggerType::RingController);
-}
-
 KeyboardValues EmulatedDevices::GetKeyboardValues() const {
     std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
     return device_status.keyboard_values;
@@ -462,10 +424,6 @@ MouseButtonValues EmulatedDevices::GetMouseButtonsValues() const {
     return device_status.mouse_button_values;
 }
 
-RingAnalogValue EmulatedDevices::GetRingSensorValues() const {
-    return device_status.ring_analog_value;
-}
-
 KeyboardKey EmulatedDevices::GetKeyboard() const {
     std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
     return device_status.keyboard_state;
@@ -491,10 +449,6 @@ AnalogStickState EmulatedDevices::GetMouseWheel() const {
     return device_status.mouse_wheel_state;
 }
 
-RingSensorForce EmulatedDevices::GetRingSensorForce() const {
-    return device_status.ring_analog_state;
-}
-
 void EmulatedDevices::TriggerOnChange(DeviceTriggerType type) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{callback_mutex};
     for (const auto& poller_pair : callback_list) {

src/core/hid/emulated_devices.h

@@ -26,11 +26,9 @@ using MouseButtonDevices = std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice
 using MouseAnalogDevices = std::array<std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>,
                                       Settings::NativeMouseWheel::NumMouseWheels>;
 using MouseStickDevice = std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>;
-using RingAnalogDevice = std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice>;
 
 using MouseButtonParams =
     std::array<Common::ParamPackage, Settings::NativeMouseButton::NumMouseButtons>;
-using RingAnalogParams = Common::ParamPackage;
 
 using KeyboardValues =
     std::array<Common::Input::ButtonStatus, Settings::NativeKeyboard::NumKeyboardKeys>;
@@ -41,17 +39,12 @@ using MouseButtonValues =
 using MouseAnalogValues =
     std::array<Common::Input::AnalogStatus, Settings::NativeMouseWheel::NumMouseWheels>;
 using MouseStickValue = Common::Input::TouchStatus;
-using RingAnalogValue = Common::Input::AnalogStatus;
 
 struct MousePosition {
     f32 x;
     f32 y;
 };
 
-struct RingSensorForce {
-    f32 force;
-};
-
 struct DeviceStatus {
     // Data from input_common
     KeyboardValues keyboard_values{};
@@ -59,7 +52,6 @@ struct DeviceStatus {
     MouseButtonValues mouse_button_values{};
     MouseAnalogValues mouse_analog_values{};
     MouseStickValue mouse_stick_value{};
-    RingAnalogValue ring_analog_value{};
 
     // Data for HID serices
     KeyboardKey keyboard_state{};
@@ -67,7 +59,6 @@ struct DeviceStatus {
     MouseButton mouse_button_state{};
     MousePosition mouse_position_state{};
     AnalogStickState mouse_wheel_state{};
-    RingSensorForce ring_analog_state{};
 };
 
 enum class DeviceTriggerType {
@@ -138,9 +129,6 @@ public:
     /// Returns the latest status of button input from the mouse with parameters
     MouseButtonValues GetMouseButtonsValues() const;
 
-    /// Returns the latest status of analog input from the ring sensor with parameters
-    RingAnalogValue GetRingSensorValues() const;
-
     /// Returns the latest status of button input from the keyboard
     KeyboardKey GetKeyboard() const;
 
@@ -156,9 +144,6 @@ public:
     /// Returns the latest mouse wheel change
     AnalogStickState GetMouseWheel() const;
 
-    /// Returns the latest ringcon force sensor value
-    RingSensorForce GetRingSensorForce() const;
-
     /**
      * Adds a callback to the list of events
      * @param update_callback InterfaceUpdateCallback that will be triggered
@@ -224,14 +209,11 @@ private:
 
     bool is_configuring{false};
 
-    RingAnalogParams ring_params;
-
     KeyboardDevices keyboard_devices;
     KeyboardModifierDevices keyboard_modifier_devices;
     MouseButtonDevices mouse_button_devices;
     MouseAnalogDevices mouse_analog_devices;
     MouseStickDevice mouse_stick_device;
-    RingAnalogDevice ring_analog_device;
 
     mutable std::mutex mutex;
     mutable std::mutex callback_mutex;

src/core/hid/input_converter.cpp

@@ -304,6 +304,18 @@ Common::Input::NfcStatus TransformToNfc(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& cal
     return nfc;
 }
 
+Common::Input::BodyColorStatus TransformToColor(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) {
+    switch (callback.type) {
+    case Common::Input::InputType::Color:
+        return callback.color_status;
+        break;
+    default:
+        LOG_ERROR(Input, "Conversion from type {} to color not implemented", callback.type);
+        return {};
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
 void SanitizeAnalog(Common::Input::AnalogStatus& analog, bool clamp_value) {
     const auto& properties = analog.properties;
     float& raw_value = analog.raw_value;

src/core/hid/input_converter.h

@@ -88,10 +88,18 @@ Common::Input::CameraStatus TransformToCamera(const Common::Input::CallbackStatu
  * Converts raw input data into a valid nfc status.
  *
  * @param callback Supported callbacks: Nfc.
- * @return A valid CameraObject object.
+ * @return A valid data tag vector.
  */
 Common::Input::NfcStatus TransformToNfc(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback);
 
+/**
+ * Converts raw input data into a valid color status.
+ *
+ * @param callback Supported callbacks: Color.
+ * @return A valid Color object.
+ */
+Common::Input::BodyColorStatus TransformToColor(const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback);
+
 /**
  * Converts raw analog data into a valid analog value
  * @param analog An analog object containing raw data and properties

src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_auto_object.h"
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ Result HLERequestContext::WriteToOutgoingCommandBuffer(KThread& requesting_threa
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
-std::vector<u8> HLERequestContext::ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index) const {
+std::vector<u8> HLERequestContext::ReadBufferCopy(std::size_t buffer_index) const {
     const bool is_buffer_a{BufferDescriptorA().size() > buffer_index &&
                            BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Size()};
     if (is_buffer_a) {
@@ -345,6 +346,33 @@ std::vector<u8> HLERequestContext::ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index) const {
     }
 }
 
+std::span<const u8> HLERequestContext::ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index) const {
+    static thread_local std::array<Common::ScratchBuffer<u8>, 2> read_buffer_a;
+    static thread_local std::array<Common::ScratchBuffer<u8>, 2> read_buffer_x;
+
+    const bool is_buffer_a{BufferDescriptorA().size() > buffer_index &&
+                           BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Size()};
+    if (is_buffer_a) {
+        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+            BufferDescriptorA().size() > buffer_index, { return {}; },
+            "BufferDescriptorA invalid buffer_index {}", buffer_index);
+        auto& read_buffer = read_buffer_a[buffer_index];
+        read_buffer.resize_destructive(BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Size());
+        memory.ReadBlock(BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Address(), read_buffer.data(),
+                         read_buffer.size());
+        return read_buffer;
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+            BufferDescriptorX().size() > buffer_index, { return {}; },
+            "BufferDescriptorX invalid buffer_index {}", buffer_index);
+        auto& read_buffer = read_buffer_x[buffer_index];
+        read_buffer.resize_destructive(BufferDescriptorX()[buffer_index].Size());
+        memory.ReadBlock(BufferDescriptorX()[buffer_index].Address(), read_buffer.data(),
+                         read_buffer.size());
+        return read_buffer;
+    }
+}
+
 std::size_t HLERequestContext::WriteBuffer(const void* buffer, std::size_t size,
                                            std::size_t buffer_index) const {
     if (size == 0) {

src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
@@ -270,8 +271,11 @@ public:
         return domain_message_header.has_value();
     }
 
-    /// Helper function to read a buffer using the appropriate buffer descriptor
+    /// Helper function to get a span of a buffer using the appropriate buffer descriptor
-    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<u8> ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index = 0) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<const u8> ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index = 0) const;
+
+    /// Helper function to read a copy of a buffer using the appropriate buffer descriptor
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<u8> ReadBufferCopy(std::size_t buffer_index = 0) const;
 
     /// Helper function to write a buffer using the appropriate buffer descriptor
     std::size_t WriteBuffer(const void* buffer, std::size_t size,

src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp

@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ void IStorageAccessor::Write(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
 
     const u64 offset{rp.Pop<u64>()};
-    const std::vector<u8> data{ctx.ReadBuffer()};
+    const auto data{ctx.ReadBuffer()};
     const std::size_t size{std::min<u64>(data.size(), backing.GetSize() - offset)};
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, offset={}, size={}", offset, size);

src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.cpp

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ private:
     void RequestUpdate(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         LOG_TRACE(Service_Audio, "called");
 
-        std::vector<u8> input{ctx.ReadBuffer(0)};
+        const auto input{ctx.ReadBuffer(0)};
 
         // These buffers are written manually to avoid an issue with WriteBuffer throwing errors for
         // checking size 0. Performance size is 0 for most games.

src/core/hle/service/audio/hwopus.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ private:
         ctx.WriteBuffer(samples);
     }
 
-    bool DecodeOpusData(u32& consumed, u32& sample_count, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    bool DecodeOpusData(u32& consumed, u32& sample_count, std::span<const u8> input,
                         std::vector<opus_int16>& output, u64* out_performance_time) const {
         const auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
         const std::size_t raw_output_sz = output.size() * sizeof(opus_int16);

src/core/hle/service/es/es.cpp

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ private:
 
     void ImportTicket(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         const auto ticket = ctx.ReadBuffer();
-        const auto cert = ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
+        [[maybe_unused]] const auto cert = ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
 
         if (ticket.size() < sizeof(Core::Crypto::Ticket)) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_ETicket, "The input buffer is not large enough!");

src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_srv.cpp

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ private:
             return;
         }
 
-        const std::vector<u8> data = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+        const auto data = ctx.ReadBuffer();
 
         ASSERT_MSG(
             static_cast<s64>(data.size()) <= length,
@@ -401,11 +401,8 @@ public:
     }
 
     void RenameFile(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        std::vector<u8> buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
+        const std::string src_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(ctx.ReadBuffer(0));
-        const std::string src_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(buffer);
+        const std::string dst_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(ctx.ReadBuffer(1));
-
-        buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
-        const std::string dst_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(buffer);
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "called. file '{}' to file '{}'", src_name, dst_name);
 

src/core/hle/service/glue/arp.cpp

@@ -228,7 +228,8 @@ private:
             return;
         }
 
-        control = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+        // TODO: Can this be a span?
+        control = ctx.ReadBufferCopy();
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);

src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.cpp

@@ -272,6 +272,8 @@ void Controller_NPad::InitNewlyAddedController(Core::HID::NpadIdType npad_id) {
         }
         break;
     case Core::HID::NpadStyleIndex::JoyconLeft:
+        shared_memory->fullkey_color.attribute = ColorAttribute::Ok;
+        shared_memory->fullkey_color.fullkey = body_colors.left;
         shared_memory->joycon_color.attribute = ColorAttribute::Ok;
         shared_memory->joycon_color.left = body_colors.left;
         shared_memory->battery_level_dual = battery_level.left.battery_level;
@@ -285,6 +287,8 @@ void Controller_NPad::InitNewlyAddedController(Core::HID::NpadIdType npad_id) {
         shared_memory->sixaxis_left_properties.is_newly_assigned.Assign(1);
         break;
     case Core::HID::NpadStyleIndex::JoyconRight:
+        shared_memory->fullkey_color.attribute = ColorAttribute::Ok;
+        shared_memory->fullkey_color.fullkey = body_colors.right;
         shared_memory->joycon_color.attribute = ColorAttribute::Ok;
         shared_memory->joycon_color.right = body_colors.right;
         shared_memory->battery_level_right = battery_level.right.battery_level;
@@ -332,6 +336,8 @@ void Controller_NPad::InitNewlyAddedController(Core::HID::NpadIdType npad_id) {
 
     controller.is_connected = true;
     controller.device->Connect();
+    controller.device->SetLedPattern();
+    controller.device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::Active);
     SignalStyleSetChangedEvent(npad_id);
     WriteEmptyEntry(controller.shared_memory);
 }
@@ -737,11 +743,12 @@ Core::HID::NpadStyleTag Controller_NPad::GetSupportedStyleSet() const {
     return hid_core.GetSupportedStyleTag();
 }
 
-void Controller_NPad::SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(u8* data, std::size_t length) {
+void Controller_NPad::SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(std::span<const u8> data) {
+    const auto length = data.size();
     ASSERT(length > 0 && (length % sizeof(u32)) == 0);
     supported_npad_id_types.clear();
     supported_npad_id_types.resize(length / sizeof(u32));
-    std::memcpy(supported_npad_id_types.data(), data, length);
+    std::memcpy(supported_npad_id_types.data(), data.data(), length);
 }
 
 void Controller_NPad::GetSupportedNpadIdTypes(u32* data, std::size_t max_length) {

src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <span>
 
 #include "common/bit_field.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ public:
     void SetSupportedStyleSet(Core::HID::NpadStyleTag style_set);
     Core::HID::NpadStyleTag GetSupportedStyleSet() const;
 
-    void SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(u8* data, std::size_t length);
+    void SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(std::span<const u8> data);
     void GetSupportedNpadIdTypes(u32* data, std::size_t max_length);
     std::size_t GetSupportedNpadIdTypesSize() const;
 

src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp

@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ void Hid::SetSupportedNpadIdType(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     const auto applet_resource_user_id{rp.Pop<u64>()};
 
     applet_resource->GetController<Controller_NPad>(HidController::NPad)
-        .SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(ctx.ReadBuffer().data(), ctx.GetReadBufferSize());
+        .SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(ctx.ReadBuffer());
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_HID, "called, applet_resource_user_id={}", applet_resource_user_id);
 
@@ -2104,7 +2104,7 @@ void Hid::WritePalmaRgbLedPatternEntry(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     const auto connection_handle{rp.PopRaw<Controller_Palma::PalmaConnectionHandle>()};
     const auto unknown{rp.Pop<u64>()};
 
-    const auto buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+    [[maybe_unused]] const auto buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
 
     LOG_WARNING(Service_HID, "(STUBBED) called, connection_handle={}, unknown={}",
                 connection_handle.npad_id, unknown);

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus.cpp

@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ void HidBus::EnableExternalDevice(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
 
-    LOG_INFO(Service_HID,
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_HID,
               "called, enable={}, abstracted_pad_id={}, bus_type={}, internal_index={}, "
               "player_number={}, is_valid={}, inval={}, applet_resource_user_id{}",
               parameters.enable, parameters.bus_handle.abstracted_pad_id,
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ void HidBus::GetExternalDeviceId(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     const auto bus_handle_{rp.PopRaw<BusHandle>()};
 
-    LOG_INFO(Service_HID,
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_HID,
               "called, abstracted_pad_id={}, bus_type={}, internal_index={}, player_number={}, "
               "is_valid={}",
               bus_handle_.abstracted_pad_id, bus_handle_.bus_type, bus_handle_.internal_index,

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/hidbus_base.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <span>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     // Assigns a command from data
-    virtual bool SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
+    virtual bool SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) {
         return {};
     }
 

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/ringcon.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include "core/hid/emulated_devices.h"
+#include "core/hid/emulated_controller.h"
 #include "core/hid/hid_core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_event.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_readable_event.h"
@@ -12,16 +12,18 @@ namespace Service::HID {
 RingController::RingController(Core::HID::HIDCore& hid_core_,
                                KernelHelpers::ServiceContext& service_context_)
     : HidbusBase(service_context_) {
-    input = hid_core_.GetEmulatedDevices();
+    input = hid_core_.GetEmulatedController(Core::HID::NpadIdType::Player1);
 }
 
 RingController::~RingController() = default;
 
 void RingController::OnInit() {
+    input->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::Ring);
     return;
 }
 
 void RingController::OnRelease() {
+    input->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::Active);
     return;
 };
 
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ std::vector<u8> RingController::GetReply() const {
     }
 }
 
-bool RingController::SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
+bool RingController::SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) {
     if (data.size() < 4) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_HID, "Command size not supported {}", data.size());
         command = RingConCommands::Error;

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/ringcon.h

@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <span>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/hidbus_base.h"
 
 namespace Core::HID {
-class EmulatedDevices;
+class EmulatedController;
 } // namespace Core::HID
 
 namespace Service::HID {
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ public:
     u8 GetDeviceId() const override;
 
     // Assigns a command from data
-    bool SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) override;
+    bool SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) override;
 
     // Returns a reply from a command
     std::vector<u8> GetReply() const override;
@@ -248,6 +249,6 @@ private:
         .zero = {.value = idle_value, .crc = 225},
     };
 
-    Core::HID::EmulatedDevices* input;
+    Core::HID::EmulatedController* input;
 };
 } // namespace Service::HID

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/starlink.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ std::vector<u8> Starlink::GetReply() const {
     return {};
 }
 
-bool Starlink::SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
+bool Starlink::SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) {
     LOG_ERROR(Service_HID, "Command not implemented");
     return false;
 }

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/starlink.h

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
     u8 GetDeviceId() const override;
 
     // Assigns a command from data
-    bool SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) override;
+    bool SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) override;
 
     // Returns a reply from a command
     std::vector<u8> GetReply() const override;

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/stubbed.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ std::vector<u8> HidbusStubbed::GetReply() const {
     return {};
 }
 
-bool HidbusStubbed::SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
+bool HidbusStubbed::SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) {
     LOG_ERROR(Service_HID, "Command not implemented");
     return false;
 }

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/stubbed.h

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
     u8 GetDeviceId() const override;
 
     // Assigns a command from data
-    bool SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) override;
+    bool SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) override;
 
     // Returns a reply from a command
     std::vector<u8> GetReply() const override;

src/core/hle/service/hid/irs.cpp

@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ void IRS::StopImageProcessor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     auto result = IsIrCameraHandleValid(parameters.camera_handle);
     if (result.IsSuccess()) {
         // TODO: Stop Image processor
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::Active);
         result = ResultSuccess;
     }
 
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ void IRS::RunMomentProcessor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         MakeProcessor<MomentProcessor>(parameters.camera_handle, device);
         auto& image_transfer_processor = GetProcessor<MomentProcessor>(parameters.camera_handle);
         image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(parameters.processor_config);
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -170,6 +172,7 @@ void IRS::RunClusteringProcessor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         auto& image_transfer_processor =
             GetProcessor<ClusteringProcessor>(parameters.camera_handle);
         image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(parameters.processor_config);
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -219,6 +222,7 @@ void IRS::RunImageTransferProcessor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
             GetProcessor<ImageTransferProcessor>(parameters.camera_handle);
         image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(parameters.processor_config);
         image_transfer_processor.SetTransferMemoryPointer(transfer_memory);
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -294,6 +298,7 @@ void IRS::RunTeraPluginProcessor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         auto& image_transfer_processor =
             GetProcessor<TeraPluginProcessor>(parameters.camera_handle);
         image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(parameters.processor_config);
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -343,6 +348,7 @@ void IRS::RunPointingProcessor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         MakeProcessor<PointingProcessor>(camera_handle, device);
         auto& image_transfer_processor = GetProcessor<PointingProcessor>(camera_handle);
         image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(processor_config);
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -453,6 +459,7 @@ void IRS::RunImageTransferExProcessor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
             GetProcessor<ImageTransferProcessor>(parameters.camera_handle);
         image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(parameters.processor_config);
         image_transfer_processor.SetTransferMemoryPointer(transfer_memory);
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -479,6 +486,7 @@ void IRS::RunIrLedProcessor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         MakeProcessor<IrLedProcessor>(camera_handle, device);
         auto& image_transfer_processor = GetProcessor<IrLedProcessor>(camera_handle);
         image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(processor_config);
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -504,6 +512,7 @@ void IRS::StopImageProcessorAsync(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     auto result = IsIrCameraHandleValid(parameters.camera_handle);
     if (result.IsSuccess()) {
         // TODO: Stop image processor async
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::Active);
         result = ResultSuccess;
     }
 

src/core/hle/service/jit/jit.cpp

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public:
         const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<InputParameters>()};
 
         // Optional input/output buffers
-        std::vector<u8> input_buffer{ctx.CanReadBuffer() ? ctx.ReadBuffer() : std::vector<u8>()};
+        const auto input_buffer{ctx.CanReadBuffer() ? ctx.ReadBuffer() : std::span<const u8>()};
         std::vector<u8> output_buffer(ctx.CanWriteBuffer() ? ctx.GetWriteBufferSize() : 0);
 
         // Function call prototype:
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public:
         const auto command{rp.PopRaw<u64>()};
 
         // Optional input/output buffers
-        std::vector<u8> input_buffer{ctx.CanReadBuffer() ? ctx.ReadBuffer() : std::vector<u8>()};
+        const auto input_buffer{ctx.CanReadBuffer() ? ctx.ReadBuffer() : std::span<const u8>()};
         std::vector<u8> output_buffer(ctx.CanWriteBuffer() ? ctx.GetWriteBufferSize() : 0);
 
         // Function call prototype:

src/core/hle/service/ldn/ldn.cpp

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void SetAdvertiseData(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        std::vector<u8> read_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+        const auto read_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(lan_discovery.SetAdvertiseData(read_buffer));
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ public:
                  parameters.security_config.passphrase_size,
                  parameters.security_config.security_mode, parameters.local_communication_version);
 
-        const std::vector<u8> read_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+        const auto read_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
         if (read_buffer.size() != sizeof(NetworkInfo)) {
             LOG_ERROR(Frontend, "NetworkInfo doesn't match read_buffer size!");
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};

src/core/hle/service/nfc/nfc_device.cpp

@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ Result NfcDevice::StartDetection(NFP::TagProtocol allowed_protocol) {
         return WrongDeviceState;
     }
 
-    if (!npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::NFC)) {
+    if (npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::NFC) !=
+        Common::Input::DriverResult::Success) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NFC, "Nfc not supported");
         return NfcDisabled;
     }

src/core/hle/service/nfp/nfp_device.cpp

@@ -152,7 +152,8 @@ Result NfpDevice::StartDetection(TagProtocol allowed_protocol) {
         return WrongDeviceState;
     }
 
-    if (!npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::NFC)) {
+    if (npad_device->SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode::NFC) !=
+        Common::Input::DriverResult::Success) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NFP, "Nfc not supported");
         return NfcDisabled;
     }

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
+
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdata.h"
 
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ public:
      * @param output A buffer where the output data will be written to.
      * @returns The result code of the ioctl.
      */
-    virtual NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    virtual NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output) = 0;
 
     /**
@@ -42,8 +44,8 @@ public:
      * @param output A buffer where the output data will be written to.
      * @returns The result code of the ioctl.
      */
-    virtual NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    virtual NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                            const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) = 0;
+                            std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) = 0;
 
     /**
      * Handles an ioctl3 request.
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ public:
      * @param inline_output A buffer where the inlined output data will be written to.
      * @returns The result code of the ioctl.
      */
-    virtual NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    virtual NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) = 0;
 
     /**

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp

@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ nvdisp_disp0::nvdisp_disp0(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core)
     : nvdevice{system_}, container{core}, nvmap{core.GetNvMapFile()} {}
 nvdisp_disp0::~nvdisp_disp0() = default;
 
-NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                              const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                              std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvdisp_disp0(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvdisp_disp0() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ nvhost_as_gpu::nvhost_as_gpu(Core::System& system_, Module& module_, NvCore::Con
 
 nvhost_as_gpu::~nvhost_as_gpu() = default;
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                                std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'A':
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                               const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                               std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                                std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'A':
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>
 void nvhost_as_gpu::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvhost_as_gpu::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocAsEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocAsEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlAllocAsEx params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocAsEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocateSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocateSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlAllocSpace params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ void nvhost_as_gpu::FreeMappingLocked(u64 offset) {
     mapping_map.erase(offset);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::FreeSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::FreeSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlFreeSpace params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::FreeSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Remap(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Remap(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     const auto num_entries = input.size() / sizeof(IoctlRemapEntry);
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, num_entries=0x{:X}", num_entries);
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Remap(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& out
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::MapBufferEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::MapBufferEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlMapBufferEx params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::MapBufferEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlUnmapBuffer params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::BindChannel(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::BindChannel(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlBindChannel params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, fd={:X}", params.fd);
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ void nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegionsImpl(IoctlGetVaRegions& params) {
     };
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGetVaRegions params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                      std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     IoctlGetVaRegions params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h

@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_as_gpu(Core::System& system_, Module& module, NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_as_gpu() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -138,17 +138,17 @@ private:
     static_assert(sizeof(IoctlGetVaRegions) == 16 + sizeof(VaRegion) * 2,
                   "IoctlGetVaRegions is incorrect size");
 
-    NvResult AllocAsEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult AllocAsEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult AllocateSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult AllocateSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult Remap(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult Remap(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult MapBufferEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult MapBufferEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult FreeSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult FreeSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult BindChannel(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult BindChannel(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     void GetVARegionsImpl(IoctlGetVaRegions& params);
-    NvResult GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                           std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
 
     void FreeMappingLocked(u64 offset);

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ nvhost_ctrl::~nvhost_ctrl() {
     }
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                              std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                             const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                             std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                              std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_outpu) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void nvhost_ctrl::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
 void nvhost_ctrl::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::NvOsGetConfigU32(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::NvOsGetConfigU32(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocGetConfigParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     LOG_TRACE(Service_NVDRV, "called, setting={}!{}", params.domain_str.data(),
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::NvOsGetConfigU32(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector
     return NvResult::ConfigVarNotFound; // Returns error on production mode
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventWait(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventWait(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                        bool is_allocation) {
     IocCtrlEventWaitParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::FreeEvent(u32 slot) {
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventRegister(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventRegister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCtrlEventRegisterParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     const u32 event_id = params.user_event_id;
@@ -252,8 +252,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventRegister(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::ve
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregister(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
-                                             std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCtrlEventUnregisterParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     const u32 event_id = params.user_event_id & 0x00FF;
@@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregister(const std::vector<u8>& input,
     return FreeEvent(event_id);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(std::span<const u8> input,
                                                   std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatchParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(const std::vector<u8>& input,
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlClearEventWait(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlClearEventWait(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCtrlEventClearParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.h

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ public:
                          NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_ctrl() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -186,13 +186,13 @@ private:
     static_assert(sizeof(IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatchParams) == 8,
                   "IocCtrlEventKill is incorrect size");
 
-    NvResult NvOsGetConfigU32(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult NvOsGetConfigU32(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocCtrlEventWait(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult IocCtrlEventWait(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                               bool is_allocation);
-    NvResult IocCtrlEventRegister(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlEventRegister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocCtrlEventUnregister(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlEventUnregister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocCtrlClearEventWait(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlClearEventWait(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     NvResult FreeEvent(u32 slot);
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ nvhost_ctrl_gpu::~nvhost_ctrl_gpu() {
     events_interface.FreeEvent(unknown_event);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                                  std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'G':
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                                 const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                                 std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                                  std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'G':
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u
 void nvhost_ctrl_gpu::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvhost_ctrl_gpu::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
-                                             std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
     IoctlCharacteristics params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input,
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                              std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
     IoctlCharacteristics params{};
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGpuGetTpcMasksArgs params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, mask_buffer_size=0x{:X}", params.mask_buffer_size);
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                       std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     IoctlGpuGetTpcMasksArgs params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetActiveSlotMask(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetActiveSlotMask(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlActiveSlotMask params{};
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetActiveSlotMask(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::v
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetCtxSize(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetCtxSize(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlZcullGetCtxSize params{};
@@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetCtxSize(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vec
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetInfo(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetInfo(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlNvgpuGpuZcullGetInfoArgs params{};
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetInfo(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCSetTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCSetTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     IoctlZbcSetTable params{};
@@ -264,7 +263,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCSetTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCQueryTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCQueryTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     IoctlZbcQueryTable params{};
@@ -274,7 +273,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCQueryTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vecto
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::FlushL2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::FlushL2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     IoctlFlushL2 params{};
@@ -284,7 +283,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::FlushL2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetGpuTime(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetGpuTime(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlGetGpuTime params{};

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.h

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_ctrl_gpu(Core::System& system_, EventInterface& events_interface_);
     ~nvhost_ctrl_gpu() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -151,21 +151,21 @@ private:
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(IoctlGetGpuTime) == 0x10, "IoctlGetGpuTime is incorrect size");
 
-    NvResult GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                 std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
 
-    NvResult GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                          std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
 
-    NvResult GetActiveSlotMask(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetActiveSlotMask(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZCullGetCtxSize(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZCullGetCtxSize(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZCullGetInfo(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZCullGetInfo(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZBCSetTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZBCSetTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZBCQueryTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZBCQueryTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult FlushL2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult FlushL2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetGpuTime(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetGpuTime(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     EventInterface& events_interface;
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ nvhost_gpu::~nvhost_gpu() {
     syncpoint_manager.FreeSyncpoint(channel_syncpoint);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& i
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 };
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                            const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                            std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'H':
         switch (command.cmd) {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& i
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& i
 void nvhost_gpu::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvhost_gpu::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSetNvmapFD params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, fd={}", params.nvmap_fd);
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& o
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlClientData params{};
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlClientData params{};
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::ZCullBind(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::ZCullBind(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     std::memcpy(&zcull_params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, gpu_va={:X}, mode={:X}", zcull_params.gpu_va,
               zcull_params.mode);
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::ZCullBind(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& ou
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetErrorNotifier(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetErrorNotifier(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSetErrorNotifier params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called, offset={:X}, size={:X}, mem={:X}", params.offset,
@@ -168,14 +168,14 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetErrorNotifier(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetChannelPriority(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetChannelPriority(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     std::memcpy(&channel_priority, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called, priority={:X}", channel_priority);
 
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocGPFIFOEx2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocGPFIFOEx2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlAllocGpfifoEx2 params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV,
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocGPFIFOEx2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocateObjectContext(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocateObjectContext(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlAllocObjCtx params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called, class_num={:X}, flags={:X}", params.class_num,
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOImpl(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params, std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                       bool kickoff) {
     if (input.size() < sizeof(IoctlSubmitGpfifo)) {
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
@@ -314,8 +314,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<
     return SubmitGPFIFOImpl(params, output, std::move(entries));
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::span<const u8> input_inline,
-                                      const std::vector<u8>& input_inline,
                                       std::vector<u8>& output) {
     if (input.size() < sizeof(IoctlSubmitGpfifo)) {
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
@@ -328,7 +327,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input,
     return SubmitGPFIFOImpl(params, output, std::move(entries));
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGetWaitbase params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlGetWaitbase));
     LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "called, unknown=0x{:X}", params.unknown);
@@ -338,7 +337,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlChannelSetTimeout params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlChannelSetTimeout));
     LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "called, timeout=0x{:X}", params.timeout);
@@ -346,7 +345,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeslice(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeslice(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSetTimeslice params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlSetTimeslice));
     LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "called, timeslice=0x{:X}", params.timeslice);

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.h

@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ public:
                         NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_gpu() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -186,23 +186,23 @@ private:
     u32_le channel_priority{};
     u32_le channel_timeslice{};
 
-    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult SetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZCullBind(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZCullBind(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult SetErrorNotifier(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetErrorNotifier(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult SetChannelPriority(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetChannelPriority(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult AllocGPFIFOEx2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult AllocGPFIFOEx2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult AllocateObjectContext(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult AllocateObjectContext(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
     NvResult SubmitGPFIFOImpl(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params, std::vector<u8>& output,
                               Tegra::CommandList&& entries);
-    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                               bool kickoff = false);
-    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input, const std::vector<u8>& input_inline,
+    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::span<const u8> input_inline,
                               std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ChannelSetTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ChannelSetTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ChannelSetTimeslice(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ChannelSetTimeslice(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     EventInterface& events_interface;
     NvCore::Container& core;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ nvhost_nvdec::nvhost_nvdec(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core_)
     : nvhost_nvdec_common{system_, core_, NvCore::ChannelType::NvDec} {}
 nvhost_nvdec::~nvhost_nvdec() = default;
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                              const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                              std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.h

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_nvdec(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_nvdec() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec_common.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace {
 // Copies count amount of type T from the input vector into the dst vector.
 // Returns the number of bytes written into dst.
 template <typename T>
-std::size_t SliceVectors(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<T>& dst, std::size_t count,
+std::size_t SliceVectors(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<T>& dst, std::size_t count,
                          std::size_t offset) {
     if (dst.empty()) {
         return 0;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ nvhost_nvdec_common::~nvhost_nvdec_common() {
     core.Host1xDeviceFile().syncpts_accumulated.push_back(channel_syncpoint);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input) {
     IoctlSetNvmapFD params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlSetNvmapFD));
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, fd={}", params.nvmap_fd);
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input) {
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::Submit(DeviceFD fd, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::Submit(DeviceFD fd, std::span<const u8> input,
                                      std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSubmit params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlSubmit));
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::Submit(DeviceFD fd, const std::vector<u8>& input,
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetSyncpoint(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetSyncpoint(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGetSyncpoint params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlGetSyncpoint));
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called GetSyncpoint, id={}", params.param);
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetSyncpoint(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::ve
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGetWaitbase params{};
     LOG_CRITICAL(Service_NVDRV, "called WAITBASE");
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlGetWaitbase));
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vec
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::MapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::MapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlMapBuffer params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlMapBuffer));
     std::vector<MapBufferEntry> cmd_buffer_handles(params.num_entries);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::MapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vecto
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlMapBuffer params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlMapBuffer));
     std::vector<MapBufferEntry> cmd_buffer_handles(params.num_entries);
@@ -173,8 +173,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vec
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetSubmitTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetSubmitTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
-                                               std::vector<u8>& output) {
     std::memcpy(&submit_timeout, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called");
     return NvResult::Success;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec_common.h

@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ protected:
     static_assert(sizeof(IoctlMapBuffer) == 0x0C, "IoctlMapBuffer is incorrect size");
 
     /// Ioctl command implementations
-    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input);
+    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input);
-    NvResult Submit(DeviceFD fd, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult Submit(DeviceFD fd, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetSyncpoint(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetSyncpoint(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult MapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult MapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult SetSubmitTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetSubmitTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     Kernel::KEvent* QueryEvent(u32 event_id) override;
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvjpg.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices {
 nvhost_nvjpg::nvhost_nvjpg(Core::System& system_) : nvdevice{system_} {}
 nvhost_nvjpg::~nvhost_nvjpg() = default;
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'H':
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                              const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                              std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>&
 void nvhost_nvjpg::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvhost_nvjpg::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSetNvmapFD params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, fd={}", params.nvmap_fd);

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvjpg.h

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_nvjpg(Core::System& system_);
     ~nvhost_nvjpg() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ private:
 
     s32_le nvmap_fd{};
 
-    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_vic.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ nvhost_vic::nvhost_vic(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core_)
 
 nvhost_vic::~nvhost_vic() = default;
 
-NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& i
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                            const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                            std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_vic.h

@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_vic(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_vic();
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ nvmap::nvmap(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& container_)
 
 nvmap::~nvmap() = default;
 
-NvResult nvmap::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvmap::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                        std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x1:
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ NvResult nvmap::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvmap::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                       const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                       std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult nvmap::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                        std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
 void nvmap::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvmap::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocCreate(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocCreate(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCreateParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, size=0x{:08X}", params.size);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocCreate(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output)
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocAlloc(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocAlloc(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocAllocParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, addr={:X}", params.address);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocAlloc(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output)
     return result;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocGetId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocGetId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocGetIdParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocGetId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output)
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocFromId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocFromId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocFromIdParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocFromId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output)
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocParam(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocParam(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     enum class ParamTypes { Size = 1, Alignment = 2, Base = 3, Heap = 4, Kind = 5, Compr = 6 };
 
     IocParamParams params;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocParam(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output)
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocFree(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocFree(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocFreeParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ public:
     nvmap(const nvmap&) = delete;
     nvmap& operator=(const nvmap&) = delete;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ private:
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(IocGetIdParams) == 8, "IocGetIdParams has wrong size");
 
-    NvResult IocCreate(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCreate(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocAlloc(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocAlloc(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocGetId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocGetId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocFromId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocFromId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocParam(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocParam(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocFree(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocFree(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     NvCore::Container& container;
     NvCore::NvMap& file;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ DeviceFD Module::Open(const std::string& device_name) {
     return fd;
 }
 
-NvResult Module::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult Module::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                         std::vector<u8>& output) {
     if (fd < 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "Invalid DeviceFD={}!", fd);
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ NvResult Module::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input
     return itr->second->Ioctl1(fd, command, input, output);
 }
 
-NvResult Module::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult Module::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                        const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+                        std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     if (fd < 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "Invalid DeviceFD={}!", fd);
         return NvResult::InvalidState;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ NvResult Module::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input
     return itr->second->Ioctl2(fd, command, input, inline_input, output);
 }
 
-NvResult Module::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+NvResult Module::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
                         std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     if (fd < 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "Invalid DeviceFD={}!", fd);

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <list>
 #include <memory>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
@@ -79,14 +80,13 @@ public:
     DeviceFD Open(const std::string& device_name);
 
     /// Sends an ioctl command to the specified file descriptor.
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-                    std::vector<u8>& output);
 
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
+                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
 
     /// Closes a device file descriptor and returns operation success.
     NvResult Close(DeviceFD fd);

src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue_producer.cpp

@@ -815,8 +815,8 @@ Status BufferQueueProducer::SetPreallocatedBuffer(s32 slot,
 
 void BufferQueueProducer::Transact(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx, TransactionId code, u32 flags) {
     Status status{Status::NoError};
-    Parcel parcel_in{ctx.ReadBuffer()};
+    InputParcel parcel_in{ctx.ReadBuffer()};
-    Parcel parcel_out{};
+    OutputParcel parcel_out{};
 
     switch (code) {
     case TransactionId::Connect: {

src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/graphic_buffer_producer.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace Service::android {
 
-QueueBufferInput::QueueBufferInput(Parcel& parcel) {
+QueueBufferInput::QueueBufferInput(InputParcel& parcel) {
     parcel.ReadFlattened(*this);
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/graphic_buffer_producer.h

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
 
 namespace Service::android {
 
-class Parcel;
+class InputParcel;
 
 #pragma pack(push, 1)
 struct QueueBufferInput final {
-    explicit QueueBufferInput(Parcel& parcel);
+    explicit QueueBufferInput(InputParcel& parcel);
 
     void Deflate(s64* timestamp_, bool* is_auto_timestamp_, Common::Rectangle<s32>* crop_,
                  NativeWindowScalingMode* scaling_mode_, NativeWindowTransform* transform_,

src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/parcel.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
@@ -12,18 +13,17 @@
 
 namespace Service::android {
 
-class Parcel final {
+struct ParcelHeader {
+    u32 data_size;
+    u32 data_offset;
+    u32 objects_size;
+    u32 objects_offset;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(ParcelHeader) == 16, "ParcelHeader has wrong size");
+
+class InputParcel final {
 public:
-    static constexpr std::size_t DefaultBufferSize = 0x40;
+    explicit InputParcel(std::span<const u8> in_data) : read_buffer(std::move(in_data)) {
-
-    Parcel() : buffer(DefaultBufferSize) {}
-
-    template <typename T>
-    explicit Parcel(const T& out_data) : buffer(DefaultBufferSize) {
-        Write(out_data);
-    }
-
-    explicit Parcel(std::vector<u8> in_data) : buffer(std::move(in_data)) {
         DeserializeHeader();
         [[maybe_unused]] const std::u16string token = ReadInterfaceToken();
     }
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ public:
     template <typename T>
     void Read(T& val) {
         static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "T must be trivially copyable.");
-        ASSERT(read_index + sizeof(T) <= buffer.size());
+        ASSERT(read_index + sizeof(T) <= read_buffer.size());
 
-        std::memcpy(&val, buffer.data() + read_index, sizeof(T));
+        std::memcpy(&val, read_buffer.data() + read_index, sizeof(T));
         read_index += sizeof(T);
         read_index = Common::AlignUp(read_index, 4);
     }
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ public:
     template <typename T>
     T ReadUnaligned() {
         static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "T must be trivially copyable.");
-        ASSERT(read_index + sizeof(T) <= buffer.size());
+        ASSERT(read_index + sizeof(T) <= read_buffer.size());
 
         T val;
-        std::memcpy(&val, buffer.data() + read_index, sizeof(T));
+        std::memcpy(&val, read_buffer.data() + read_index, sizeof(T));
         read_index += sizeof(T);
         return val;
     }
@@ -101,6 +101,31 @@ public:
         return token;
     }
 
+    void DeserializeHeader() {
+        ASSERT(read_buffer.size() > sizeof(ParcelHeader));
+
+        ParcelHeader header{};
+        std::memcpy(&header, read_buffer.data(), sizeof(ParcelHeader));
+
+        read_index = header.data_offset;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::span<const u8> read_buffer;
+    std::size_t read_index = 0;
+};
+
+class OutputParcel final {
+public:
+    static constexpr std::size_t DefaultBufferSize = 0x40;
+
+    OutputParcel() : buffer(DefaultBufferSize) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit OutputParcel(const T& out_data) : buffer(DefaultBufferSize) {
+        Write(out_data);
+    }
+
     template <typename T>
     void Write(const T& val) {
         static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "T must be trivially copyable.");
@@ -133,40 +158,20 @@ public:
         WriteObject(ptr.get());
     }
 
-    void DeserializeHeader() {
-        ASSERT(buffer.size() > sizeof(Header));
-
-        Header header{};
-        std::memcpy(&header, buffer.data(), sizeof(Header));
-
-        read_index = header.data_offset;
-    }
-
     std::vector<u8> Serialize() const {
-        ASSERT(read_index == 0);
+        ParcelHeader header{};
-
+        header.data_size = static_cast<u32>(write_index - sizeof(ParcelHeader));
-        Header header{};
+        header.data_offset = sizeof(ParcelHeader);
-        header.data_size = static_cast<u32>(write_index - sizeof(Header));
-        header.data_offset = sizeof(Header);
         header.objects_size = 4;
-        header.objects_offset = static_cast<u32>(sizeof(Header) + header.data_size);
+        header.objects_offset = static_cast<u32>(sizeof(ParcelHeader) + header.data_size);
-        std::memcpy(buffer.data(), &header, sizeof(Header));
+        std::memcpy(buffer.data(), &header, sizeof(ParcelHeader));
 
         return buffer;
     }
 
 private:
-    struct Header {
-        u32 data_size;
-        u32 data_offset;
-        u32 objects_size;
-        u32 objects_offset;
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(Header) == 16, "ParcelHeader has wrong size");
-
     mutable std::vector<u8> buffer;
-    std::size_t read_index = 0;
+    std::size_t write_index = sizeof(ParcelHeader);
-    std::size_t write_index = sizeof(Header);
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::android

src/core/hle/service/prepo/prepo.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ private:
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::vector<u8>{};
+            return std::span<const u8>{};
         }();
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_PREPO,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ private:
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::vector<u8>{};
+            return std::span<const u8>{};
         }();
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_PREPO,
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ private:
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::vector<u8>{};
+            return std::span<const u8>{};
         }();
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_PREPO, "called, title_id={:016X}, data1_size={:016X}, data2_size={:016X}",
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ private:
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::vector<u8>{};
+            return std::span<const u8>{};
         }();
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_PREPO,

src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.cpp

@@ -208,7 +208,6 @@ void BSD::Bind(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     const s32 fd = rp.Pop<s32>();
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service, "called. fd={} addrlen={}", fd, ctx.GetReadBufferSize());
-
     BuildErrnoResponse(ctx, BindImpl(fd, ctx.ReadBuffer()));
 }
 
@@ -312,7 +311,7 @@ void BSD::SetSockOpt(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     const u32 level = rp.Pop<u32>();
     const OptName optname = static_cast<OptName>(rp.Pop<u32>());
 
-    const std::vector<u8> buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+    const auto buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
     const u8* optval = buffer.empty() ? nullptr : buffer.data();
     size_t optlen = buffer.size();
 
@@ -489,7 +488,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::SocketImpl(Domain domain, Type type, Protocol protoco
     return {fd, Errno::SUCCESS};
 }
 
-std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::PollImpl(std::vector<u8>& write_buffer, std::vector<u8> read_buffer,
+std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::PollImpl(std::vector<u8>& write_buffer, std::span<const u8> read_buffer,
                                     s32 nfds, s32 timeout) {
     if (write_buffer.size() < nfds * sizeof(PollFD)) {
         return {-1, Errno::INVAL};
@@ -584,7 +583,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::AcceptImpl(s32 fd, std::vector<u8>& write_buffer) {
     return {new_fd, Errno::SUCCESS};
 }
 
-Errno BSD::BindImpl(s32 fd, const std::vector<u8>& addr) {
+Errno BSD::BindImpl(s32 fd, std::span<const u8> addr) {
     if (!IsFileDescriptorValid(fd)) {
         return Errno::BADF;
     }
@@ -595,7 +594,7 @@ Errno BSD::BindImpl(s32 fd, const std::vector<u8>& addr) {
     return Translate(file_descriptors[fd]->socket->Bind(Translate(addr_in)));
 }
 
-Errno BSD::ConnectImpl(s32 fd, const std::vector<u8>& addr) {
+Errno BSD::ConnectImpl(s32 fd, std::span<const u8> addr) {
     if (!IsFileDescriptorValid(fd)) {
         return Errno::BADF;
     }
@@ -800,15 +799,15 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::RecvFromImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::vector<u8>& mess
     return {ret, bsd_errno};
 }
 
-std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::SendImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message) {
+std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::SendImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message) {
     if (!IsFileDescriptorValid(fd)) {
         return {-1, Errno::BADF};
     }
     return Translate(file_descriptors[fd]->socket->Send(message, flags));
 }
 
-std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::SendToImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message,
+std::pair<s32, Errno> BSD::SendToImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message,
-                                      const std::vector<u8>& addr) {
+                                      std::span<const u8> addr) {
     if (!IsFileDescriptorValid(fd)) {
         return {-1, Errno::BADF};
     }

src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ private:
 
         s32 nfds;
         s32 timeout;
-        std::vector<u8> read_buffer;
+        std::span<const u8> read_buffer;
         std::vector<u8> write_buffer;
         s32 ret{};
         Errno bsd_errno{};
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ private:
         void Response(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
         s32 fd;
-        std::vector<u8> addr;
+        std::span<const u8> addr;
         Errno bsd_errno{};
     };
 
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ private:
 
         s32 fd;
         u32 flags;
-        std::vector<u8> message;
+        std::span<const u8> message;
         s32 ret{};
         Errno bsd_errno{};
     };
@@ -109,8 +110,8 @@ private:
 
         s32 fd;
         u32 flags;
-        std::vector<u8> message;
+        std::span<const u8> message;
-        std::vector<u8> addr;
+        std::span<const u8> addr;
         s32 ret{};
         Errno bsd_errno{};
     };
@@ -143,11 +144,11 @@ private:
     void ExecuteWork(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx, Work work);
 
     std::pair<s32, Errno> SocketImpl(Domain domain, Type type, Protocol protocol);
-    std::pair<s32, Errno> PollImpl(std::vector<u8>& write_buffer, std::vector<u8> read_buffer,
+    std::pair<s32, Errno> PollImpl(std::vector<u8>& write_buffer, std::span<const u8> read_buffer,
                                    s32 nfds, s32 timeout);
     std::pair<s32, Errno> AcceptImpl(s32 fd, std::vector<u8>& write_buffer);
-    Errno BindImpl(s32 fd, const std::vector<u8>& addr);
+    Errno BindImpl(s32 fd, std::span<const u8> addr);
-    Errno ConnectImpl(s32 fd, const std::vector<u8>& addr);
+    Errno ConnectImpl(s32 fd, std::span<const u8> addr);
     Errno GetPeerNameImpl(s32 fd, std::vector<u8>& write_buffer);
     Errno GetSockNameImpl(s32 fd, std::vector<u8>& write_buffer);
     Errno ListenImpl(s32 fd, s32 backlog);
@@ -157,9 +158,9 @@ private:
     std::pair<s32, Errno> RecvImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::vector<u8>& message);
     std::pair<s32, Errno> RecvFromImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::vector<u8>& message,
                                        std::vector<u8>& addr);
-    std::pair<s32, Errno> SendImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message);
+    std::pair<s32, Errno> SendImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message);
-    std::pair<s32, Errno> SendToImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message,
+    std::pair<s32, Errno> SendToImpl(s32 fd, u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message,
-                                     const std::vector<u8>& addr);
+                                     std::span<const u8> addr);
     Errno CloseImpl(s32 fd);
 
     s32 FindFreeFileDescriptorHandle() noexcept;

src/core/hle/service/ssl/ssl.cpp

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ private:
     void ImportServerPki(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
         const auto certificate_format = rp.PopEnum<CertificateFormat>();
-        const auto pkcs_12_certificates = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
+        [[maybe_unused]] const auto pkcs_12_certificates = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
 
         constexpr u64 server_id = 0;
 
@@ -113,13 +113,13 @@ private:
     }
 
     void ImportClientPki(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        const auto pkcs_12_certificate = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
+        [[maybe_unused]] const auto pkcs_12_certificate = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
-        const auto ascii_password = [&ctx] {
+        [[maybe_unused]] const auto ascii_password = [&ctx] {
             if (ctx.CanReadBuffer(1)) {
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::vector<u8>{};
+            return std::span<const u8>{};
         }();
 
         constexpr u64 client_id = 0;

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp

@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ private:
             return;
         }
 
-        const auto parcel = android::Parcel{NativeWindow{*buffer_queue_id}};
+        const auto parcel = android::OutputParcel{NativeWindow{*buffer_queue_id}};
         const auto buffer_size = ctx.WriteBuffer(parcel.Serialize());
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 4};
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ private:
             return;
         }
 
-        const auto parcel = android::Parcel{NativeWindow{*buffer_queue_id}};
+        const auto parcel = android::OutputParcel{NativeWindow{*buffer_queue_id}};
         const auto buffer_size = ctx.WriteBuffer(parcel.Serialize());
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 6};

src/core/internal_network/network.cpp

@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ Errno TranslateNativeError(int e) {
         return Errno::NETUNREACH;
     case WSAEMSGSIZE:
         return Errno::MSGSIZE;
+    case WSAETIMEDOUT:
+        return Errno::TIMEDOUT;
     default:
         UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented errno={}", e);
         return Errno::OTHER;
@@ -211,6 +213,8 @@ Errno TranslateNativeError(int e) {
         return Errno::NETUNREACH;
     case EMSGSIZE:
         return Errno::MSGSIZE;
+    case ETIMEDOUT:
+        return Errno::TIMEDOUT;
     default:
         UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented errno={}", e);
         return Errno::OTHER;
@@ -226,7 +230,7 @@ Errno GetAndLogLastError() {
     int e = errno;
 #endif
     const Errno err = TranslateNativeError(e);
-    if (err == Errno::AGAIN) {
+    if (err == Errno::AGAIN || err == Errno::TIMEDOUT) {
         return err;
     }
     LOG_ERROR(Network, "Socket operation error: {}", Common::NativeErrorToString(e));
@@ -546,7 +550,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> Socket::RecvFrom(int flags, std::vector<u8>& message, Sock
     return {-1, GetAndLogLastError()};
 }
 
-std::pair<s32, Errno> Socket::Send(const std::vector<u8>& message, int flags) {
+std::pair<s32, Errno> Socket::Send(std::span<const u8> message, int flags) {
     ASSERT(message.size() < static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()));
     ASSERT(flags == 0);
 
@@ -559,7 +563,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> Socket::Send(const std::vector<u8>& message, int flags) {
     return {-1, GetAndLogLastError()};
 }
 
-std::pair<s32, Errno> Socket::SendTo(u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message,
+std::pair<s32, Errno> Socket::SendTo(u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message,
                                      const SockAddrIn* addr) {
     ASSERT(flags == 0);
 

src/core/internal_network/socket_proxy.cpp

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ std::pair<s32, Errno> ProxySocket::ReceivePacket(int flags, std::vector<u8>& mes
     return {static_cast<u32>(read_bytes), Errno::SUCCESS};
 }
 
-std::pair<s32, Errno> ProxySocket::Send(const std::vector<u8>& message, int flags) {
+std::pair<s32, Errno> ProxySocket::Send(std::span<const u8> message, int flags) {
     LOG_WARNING(Network, "(STUBBED) called");
     ASSERT(message.size() < static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()));
     ASSERT(flags == 0);
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ void ProxySocket::SendPacket(ProxyPacket& packet) {
     }
 }
 
-std::pair<s32, Errno> ProxySocket::SendTo(u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message,
+std::pair<s32, Errno> ProxySocket::SendTo(u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message,
                                           const SockAddrIn* addr) {
     ASSERT(flags == 0);
 

src/core/internal_network/socket_proxy.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <mutex>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 #include <queue>
 
@@ -48,11 +49,11 @@ public:
     std::pair<s32, Errno> ReceivePacket(int flags, std::vector<u8>& message, SockAddrIn* addr,
                                         std::size_t max_length);
 
-    std::pair<s32, Errno> Send(const std::vector<u8>& message, int flags) override;
+    std::pair<s32, Errno> Send(std::span<const u8> message, int flags) override;
 
     void SendPacket(ProxyPacket& packet);
 
-    std::pair<s32, Errno> SendTo(u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message,
+    std::pair<s32, Errno> SendTo(u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message,
                                  const SockAddrIn* addr) override;
 
     Errno SetLinger(bool enable, u32 linger) override;

src/core/internal_network/sockets.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <span>
 #include <utility>
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -66,9 +67,9 @@ public:
     virtual std::pair<s32, Errno> RecvFrom(int flags, std::vector<u8>& message,
                                            SockAddrIn* addr) = 0;
 
-    virtual std::pair<s32, Errno> Send(const std::vector<u8>& message, int flags) = 0;
+    virtual std::pair<s32, Errno> Send(std::span<const u8> message, int flags) = 0;
 
-    virtual std::pair<s32, Errno> SendTo(u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message,
+    virtual std::pair<s32, Errno> SendTo(u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message,
                                          const SockAddrIn* addr) = 0;
 
     virtual Errno SetLinger(bool enable, u32 linger) = 0;
@@ -138,9 +139,9 @@ public:
 
     std::pair<s32, Errno> RecvFrom(int flags, std::vector<u8>& message, SockAddrIn* addr) override;
 
-    std::pair<s32, Errno> Send(const std::vector<u8>& message, int flags) override;
+    std::pair<s32, Errno> Send(std::span<const u8> message, int flags) override;
 
-    std::pair<s32, Errno> SendTo(u32 flags, const std::vector<u8>& message,
+    std::pair<s32, Errno> SendTo(u32 flags, std::span<const u8> message,
                                  const SockAddrIn* addr) override;
 
     Errno SetLinger(bool enable, u32 linger) override;

src/core/memory.cpp

@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
         }
 
         if (Settings::IsFastmemEnabled()) {
-            const bool is_read_enable = Settings::IsGPULevelHigh() || !cached;
+            const bool is_read_enable = !Settings::IsGPULevelExtreme() || !cached;
             system.DeviceMemory().buffer.Protect(vaddr, size, is_read_enable, !cached);
         }
 

src/core/reporter.cpp

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ void Reporter::SaveUnimplementedAppletReport(
 }
 
 void Reporter::SavePlayReport(PlayReportType type, u64 title_id,
-                              const std::vector<std::vector<u8>>& data,
+                              const std::vector<std::span<const u8>>& data,
                               std::optional<u64> process_id, std::optional<u128> user_id) const {
     if (!IsReportingEnabled()) {
         return;

src/core/reporter.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <optional>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -56,7 +57,8 @@ public:
         System,
     };
 
-    void SavePlayReport(PlayReportType type, u64 title_id, const std::vector<std::vector<u8>>& data,
+    void SavePlayReport(PlayReportType type, u64 title_id,
+                        const std::vector<std::span<const u8>>& data,
                         std::optional<u64> process_id = {}, std::optional<u128> user_id = {}) const;
 
     // Used by error applet

src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -51,8 +51,29 @@ endif()
 
 if (ENABLE_SDL2)
     target_sources(input_common PRIVATE
+        drivers/joycon.cpp
+        drivers/joycon.h
         drivers/sdl_driver.cpp
         drivers/sdl_driver.h
+        helpers/joycon_driver.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_driver.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/calibration.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/calibration.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/common_protocol.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/common_protocol.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/generic_functions.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/generic_functions.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/joycon_types.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/irs.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/irs.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/nfc.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/nfc.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/poller.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/poller.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/ringcon.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/ringcon.h
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/rumble.cpp
+        helpers/joycon_protocol/rumble.h
     )
     target_link_libraries(input_common PRIVATE SDL2::SDL2)
     target_compile_definitions(input_common PRIVATE HAVE_SDL2)

src/input_common/drivers/camera.cpp

@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ std::size_t Camera::getImageHeight() const {
     }
 }
 
-Common::Input::CameraError Camera::SetCameraFormat(
+Common::Input::DriverResult Camera::SetCameraFormat(
     [[maybe_unused]] const PadIdentifier& identifier_,
     const Common::Input::CameraFormat camera_format) {
     status.format = camera_format;
-    return Common::Input::CameraError::None;
+    return Common::Input::DriverResult::Success;
 }
 
 } // namespace InputCommon

src/input_common/drivers/camera.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public:
     std::size_t getImageWidth() const;
     std::size_t getImageHeight() const;
 
-    Common::Input::CameraError SetCameraFormat(const PadIdentifier& identifier_,
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetCameraFormat(const PadIdentifier& identifier_,
                                                 Common::Input::CameraFormat camera_format) override;
 
 private:

src/input_common/drivers/gc_adapter.cpp

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ bool GCAdapter::GetGCEndpoint(libusb_device* device) {
     return true;
 }
 
-Common::Input::VibrationError GCAdapter::SetVibration(
+Common::Input::DriverResult GCAdapter::SetVibration(
     const PadIdentifier& identifier, const Common::Input::VibrationStatus& vibration) {
     const auto mean_amplitude = (vibration.low_amplitude + vibration.high_amplitude) * 0.5f;
     const auto processed_amplitude =
@@ -333,9 +333,9 @@ Common::Input::VibrationError GCAdapter::SetVibration(
     pads[identifier.port].rumble_amplitude = processed_amplitude;
 
     if (!rumble_enabled) {
-        return Common::Input::VibrationError::Disabled;
+        return Common::Input::DriverResult::Disabled;
     }
-    return Common::Input::VibrationError::None;
+    return Common::Input::DriverResult::Success;
 }
 
 bool GCAdapter::IsVibrationEnabled([[maybe_unused]] const PadIdentifier& identifier) {

src/input_common/drivers/gc_adapter.h

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public:
     explicit GCAdapter(std::string input_engine_);
     ~GCAdapter() override;
 
-    Common::Input::VibrationError SetVibration(
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetVibration(
         const PadIdentifier& identifier, const Common::Input::VibrationStatus& vibration) override;
 
     bool IsVibrationEnabled(const PadIdentifier& identifier) override;

src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.cpp

@@ -318,6 +318,14 @@ void SDLDriver::InitJoystick(int joystick_index) {
 
     const auto guid = GetGUID(sdl_joystick);
 
+    if (Settings::values.enable_joycon_driver) {
+        if (guid.uuid[5] == 0x05 && guid.uuid[4] == 0x7e) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Input, "Device black listed {}", joystick_index);
+            SDL_JoystickClose(sdl_joystick);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     std::scoped_lock lock{joystick_map_mutex};
     if (joystick_map.find(guid) == joystick_map.end()) {
         auto joystick = std::make_shared<SDLJoystick>(guid, 0, sdl_joystick, sdl_gamecontroller);
@@ -440,9 +448,14 @@ SDLDriver::SDLDriver(std::string input_engine_) : InputEngine(std::move(input_en
     SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_PS5_RUMBLE, "1");
     SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_ALLOW_BACKGROUND_EVENTS, "1");
 
-    // Use hidapi driver for joycons. This will allow joycons to be detected as a GameController and
+    // Disable hidapi drivers for switch controllers when the custom joycon driver is enabled
-    // not a generic one
+    if (Settings::values.enable_joycon_driver) {
+        SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_JOY_CONS, "0");
+        SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_SWITCH, "0");
+    } else {
         SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_JOY_CONS, "1");
+        SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_SWITCH, "1");
+    }
 
     // Disable hidapi driver for xbox. Already default on Windows, this causes conflict with native
     // driver on Linux.
@@ -532,7 +545,7 @@ std::vector<Common::ParamPackage> SDLDriver::GetInputDevices() const {
     return devices;
 }
 
-Common::Input::VibrationError SDLDriver::SetVibration(
+Common::Input::DriverResult SDLDriver::SetVibration(
     const PadIdentifier& identifier, const Common::Input::VibrationStatus& vibration) {
     const auto joystick =
         GetSDLJoystickByGUID(identifier.guid.RawString(), static_cast<int>(identifier.port));
@@ -566,7 +579,7 @@ Common::Input::VibrationError SDLDriver::SetVibration(
         .vibration = new_vibration,
     });
 
-    return Common::Input::VibrationError::None;
+    return Common::Input::DriverResult::Success;
 }
 
 bool SDLDriver::IsVibrationEnabled(const PadIdentifier& identifier) {

src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.h

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
 
     bool IsStickInverted(const Common::ParamPackage& params) override;
 
-    Common::Input::VibrationError SetVibration(
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetVibration(
         const PadIdentifier& identifier, const Common::Input::VibrationStatus& vibration) override;
 
     bool IsVibrationEnabled(const PadIdentifier& identifier) override;

src/input_common/drivers/virtual_amiibo.cpp

@@ -22,22 +22,23 @@ VirtualAmiibo::VirtualAmiibo(std::string input_engine_) : InputEngine(std::move(
 
 VirtualAmiibo::~VirtualAmiibo() = default;
 
-Common::Input::PollingError VirtualAmiibo::SetPollingMode(
+Common::Input::DriverResult VirtualAmiibo::SetPollingMode(
     [[maybe_unused]] const PadIdentifier& identifier_,
     const Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode_) {
     polling_mode = polling_mode_;
 
-    if (polling_mode == Common::Input::PollingMode::NFC) {
+    switch (polling_mode) {
+    case Common::Input::PollingMode::NFC:
         if (state == State::Initialized) {
             state = State::WaitingForAmiibo;
         }
-    } else {
+        return Common::Input::DriverResult::Success;
+    default:
         if (state == State::AmiiboIsOpen) {
             CloseAmiibo();
         }
+        return Common::Input::DriverResult::NotSupported;
     }
-
-    return Common::Input::PollingError::None;
 }
 
 Common::Input::NfcState VirtualAmiibo::SupportsNfc(

src/input_common/drivers/virtual_amiibo.h

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public:
     ~VirtualAmiibo() override;
 
     // Sets polling mode to a controller
-    Common::Input::PollingError SetPollingMode(
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetPollingMode(
         const PadIdentifier& identifier_, const Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode_) override;
 
     Common::Input::NfcState SupportsNfc(const PadIdentifier& identifier_) const override;

src/input_common/input_engine.cpp

@@ -79,6 +79,17 @@ void InputEngine::SetBattery(const PadIdentifier& identifier, Common::Input::Bat
     TriggerOnBatteryChange(identifier, value);
 }
 
+void InputEngine::SetColor(const PadIdentifier& identifier, Common::Input::BodyColorStatus value) {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+        ControllerData& controller = controller_list.at(identifier);
+        if (!configuring) {
+            controller.color = value;
+        }
+    }
+    TriggerOnColorChange(identifier, value);
+}
+
 void InputEngine::SetMotion(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int motion, const BasicMotion& value) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
@@ -176,6 +187,18 @@ Common::Input::BatteryLevel InputEngine::GetBattery(const PadIdentifier& identif
     return controller.battery;
 }
 
+Common::Input::BodyColorStatus InputEngine::GetColor(const PadIdentifier& identifier) const {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+    const auto controller_iter = controller_list.find(identifier);
+    if (controller_iter == controller_list.cend()) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Input, "Invalid identifier guid={}, pad={}, port={}", identifier.guid.RawString(),
+                  identifier.pad, identifier.port);
+        return {};
+    }
+    const ControllerData& controller = controller_iter->second;
+    return controller.color;
+}
+
 BasicMotion InputEngine::GetMotion(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int motion) const {
     std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
     const auto controller_iter = controller_list.find(identifier);
@@ -328,6 +351,20 @@ void InputEngine::TriggerOnBatteryChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier,
     }
 }
 
+void InputEngine::TriggerOnColorChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier,
+                                       [[maybe_unused]] Common::Input::BodyColorStatus value) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex_callback};
+    for (const auto& poller_pair : callback_list) {
+        const InputIdentifier& poller = poller_pair.second;
+        if (!IsInputIdentifierEqual(poller, identifier, EngineInputType::Color, 0)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (poller.callback.on_change) {
+            poller.callback.on_change();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void InputEngine::TriggerOnMotionChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int motion,
                                         const BasicMotion& value) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{mutex_callback};

src/input_common/input_engine.h

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ enum class EngineInputType {
     Battery,
     Button,
     Camera,
+    Color,
     HatButton,
     Motion,
     Nfc,
@@ -104,14 +105,17 @@ public:
     void EndConfiguration();
 
     // Sets a led pattern for a controller
-    virtual void SetLeds([[maybe_unused]] const PadIdentifier& identifier,
+    virtual Common::Input::DriverResult SetLeds(
-                         [[maybe_unused]] const Common::Input::LedStatus& led_status) {}
+        [[maybe_unused]] const PadIdentifier& identifier,
+        [[maybe_unused]] const Common::Input::LedStatus& led_status) {
+        return Common::Input::DriverResult::NotSupported;
+    }
 
     // Sets rumble to a controller
-    virtual Common::Input::VibrationError SetVibration(
+    virtual Common::Input::DriverResult SetVibration(
         [[maybe_unused]] const PadIdentifier& identifier,
         [[maybe_unused]] const Common::Input::VibrationStatus& vibration) {
-        return Common::Input::VibrationError::NotSupported;
+        return Common::Input::DriverResult::NotSupported;
     }
 
     // Returns true if device supports vibrations
@@ -120,17 +124,17 @@ public:
     }
 
     // Sets polling mode to a controller
-    virtual Common::Input::PollingError SetPollingMode(
+    virtual Common::Input::DriverResult SetPollingMode(
         [[maybe_unused]] const PadIdentifier& identifier,
         [[maybe_unused]] const Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode) {
-        return Common::Input::PollingError::NotSupported;
+        return Common::Input::DriverResult::NotSupported;
     }
 
     // Sets camera format to a controller
-    virtual Common::Input::CameraError SetCameraFormat(
+    virtual Common::Input::DriverResult SetCameraFormat(
         [[maybe_unused]] const PadIdentifier& identifier,
         [[maybe_unused]] Common::Input::CameraFormat camera_format) {
-        return Common::Input::CameraError::NotSupported;
+        return Common::Input::DriverResult::NotSupported;
     }
 
     // Returns success if nfc is supported
@@ -199,6 +203,7 @@ public:
     bool GetHatButton(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int button, u8 direction) const;
     f32 GetAxis(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int axis) const;
     Common::Input::BatteryLevel GetBattery(const PadIdentifier& identifier) const;
+    Common::Input::BodyColorStatus GetColor(const PadIdentifier& identifier) const;
     BasicMotion GetMotion(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int motion) const;
     Common::Input::CameraStatus GetCamera(const PadIdentifier& identifier) const;
     Common::Input::NfcStatus GetNfc(const PadIdentifier& identifier) const;
@@ -212,6 +217,7 @@ protected:
     void SetHatButton(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int button, u8 value);
     void SetAxis(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int axis, f32 value);
     void SetBattery(const PadIdentifier& identifier, Common::Input::BatteryLevel value);
+    void SetColor(const PadIdentifier& identifier, Common::Input::BodyColorStatus value);
     void SetMotion(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int motion, const BasicMotion& value);
     void SetCamera(const PadIdentifier& identifier, const Common::Input::CameraStatus& value);
     void SetNfc(const PadIdentifier& identifier, const Common::Input::NfcStatus& value);
@@ -227,6 +233,7 @@ private:
         std::unordered_map<int, float> axes;
         std::unordered_map<int, BasicMotion> motions;
         Common::Input::BatteryLevel battery{};
+        Common::Input::BodyColorStatus color{};
         Common::Input::CameraStatus camera{};
         Common::Input::NfcStatus nfc{};
     };
@@ -235,6 +242,8 @@ private:
     void TriggerOnHatButtonChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int button, u8 value);
     void TriggerOnAxisChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int axis, f32 value);
     void TriggerOnBatteryChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier, Common::Input::BatteryLevel value);
+    void TriggerOnColorChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier,
+                              Common::Input::BodyColorStatus value);
     void TriggerOnMotionChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier, int motion,
                                const BasicMotion& value);
     void TriggerOnCameraChange(const PadIdentifier& identifier,

src/input_common/input_poller.cpp

@@ -498,6 +498,58 @@ private:
     InputEngine* input_engine;
 };
 
+class InputFromColor final : public Common::Input::InputDevice {
+public:
+    explicit InputFromColor(PadIdentifier identifier_, InputEngine* input_engine_)
+        : identifier(identifier_), input_engine(input_engine_) {
+        UpdateCallback engine_callback{[this]() { OnChange(); }};
+        const InputIdentifier input_identifier{
+            .identifier = identifier,
+            .type = EngineInputType::Color,
+            .index = 0,
+            .callback = engine_callback,
+        };
+        last_color_value = {};
+        callback_key = input_engine->SetCallback(input_identifier);
+    }
+
+    ~InputFromColor() override {
+        input_engine->DeleteCallback(callback_key);
+    }
+
+    Common::Input::BodyColorStatus GetStatus() const {
+        return input_engine->GetColor(identifier);
+    }
+
+    void ForceUpdate() override {
+        const Common::Input::CallbackStatus status{
+            .type = Common::Input::InputType::Color,
+            .color_status = GetStatus(),
+        };
+
+        last_color_value = status.color_status;
+        TriggerOnChange(status);
+    }
+
+    void OnChange() {
+        const Common::Input::CallbackStatus status{
+            .type = Common::Input::InputType::Color,
+            .color_status = GetStatus(),
+        };
+
+        if (status.color_status.body != last_color_value.body) {
+            last_color_value = status.color_status;
+            TriggerOnChange(status);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    const PadIdentifier identifier;
+    int callback_key;
+    Common::Input::BodyColorStatus last_color_value;
+    InputEngine* input_engine;
+};
+
 class InputFromMotion final : public Common::Input::InputDevice {
 public:
     explicit InputFromMotion(PadIdentifier identifier_, int motion_sensor_, float gyro_threshold_,
@@ -754,11 +806,11 @@ public:
     explicit OutputFromIdentifier(PadIdentifier identifier_, InputEngine* input_engine_)
         : identifier(identifier_), input_engine(input_engine_) {}
 
-    void SetLED(const Common::Input::LedStatus& led_status) override {
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetLED(const Common::Input::LedStatus& led_status) override {
-        input_engine->SetLeds(identifier, led_status);
+        return input_engine->SetLeds(identifier, led_status);
     }
 
-    Common::Input::VibrationError SetVibration(
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetVibration(
         const Common::Input::VibrationStatus& vibration_status) override {
         return input_engine->SetVibration(identifier, vibration_status);
     }
@@ -767,11 +819,12 @@ public:
         return input_engine->IsVibrationEnabled(identifier);
     }
 
-    Common::Input::PollingError SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode) override {
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetPollingMode(Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode) override {
         return input_engine->SetPollingMode(identifier, polling_mode);
     }
 
-    Common::Input::CameraError SetCameraFormat(Common::Input::CameraFormat camera_format) override {
+    Common::Input::DriverResult SetCameraFormat(
+        Common::Input::CameraFormat camera_format) override {
         return input_engine->SetCameraFormat(identifier, camera_format);
     }
 
@@ -966,6 +1019,18 @@ std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice> InputFactory::CreateBatteryDevice(
     return std::make_unique<InputFromBattery>(identifier, input_engine.get());
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice> InputFactory::CreateColorDevice(
+    const Common::ParamPackage& params) {
+    const PadIdentifier identifier = {
+        .guid = Common::UUID{params.Get("guid", "")},
+        .port = static_cast<std::size_t>(params.Get("port", 0)),
+        .pad = static_cast<std::size_t>(params.Get("pad", 0)),
+    };
+
+    input_engine->PreSetController(identifier);
+    return std::make_unique<InputFromColor>(identifier, input_engine.get());
+}
+
 std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice> InputFactory::CreateMotionDevice(
     Common::ParamPackage params) {
     const PadIdentifier identifier = {
@@ -1053,6 +1118,9 @@ std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice> InputFactory::Create(
     if (params.Has("battery")) {
         return CreateBatteryDevice(params);
     }
+    if (params.Has("color")) {
+        return CreateColorDevice(params);
+    }
     if (params.Has("camera")) {
         return CreateCameraDevice(params);
     }

src/input_common/input_poller.h

@@ -190,6 +190,17 @@ private:
     std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice> CreateBatteryDevice(
         const Common::ParamPackage& params);
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a color device from the parameters given.
+     * @param params contains parameters for creating the device:
+     *               - "guid": text string for identifying controllers
+     *               - "port": port of the connected device
+     *               - "pad": slot of the connected controller
+     * @returns a unique input device with the parameters specified
+     */
+    std::unique_ptr<Common::Input::InputDevice> CreateColorDevice(
+        const Common::ParamPackage& params);
+
     /**
      * Creates a motion device from the parameters given.
      * @param params contains parameters for creating the device:

src/input_common/main.cpp

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "input_common/drivers/gc_adapter.h"
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_SDL2
+#include "input_common/drivers/joycon.h"
 #include "input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.h"
 #endif
 
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
         RegisterEngine("virtual_gamepad", virtual_gamepad);
 #ifdef HAVE_SDL2
         RegisterEngine("sdl", sdl);
+        RegisterEngine("joycon", joycon);
 #endif
 
         Common::Input::RegisterInputFactory("touch_from_button",
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
         UnregisterEngine(virtual_gamepad);
 #ifdef HAVE_SDL2
         UnregisterEngine(sdl);
+        UnregisterEngine(joycon);
 #endif
 
         Common::Input::UnregisterInputFactory("touch_from_button");
@@ -109,6 +112,8 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
         auto udp_devices = udp_client->GetInputDevices();
         devices.insert(devices.end(), udp_devices.begin(), udp_devices.end());
 #ifdef HAVE_SDL2
+        auto joycon_devices = joycon->GetInputDevices();
+        devices.insert(devices.end(), joycon_devices.begin(), joycon_devices.end());
         auto sdl_devices = sdl->GetInputDevices();
         devices.insert(devices.end(), sdl_devices.begin(), sdl_devices.end());
 #endif
@@ -140,6 +145,9 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
         if (engine == sdl->GetEngineName()) {
             return sdl;
         }
+        if (engine == joycon->GetEngineName()) {
+            return joycon;
+        }
 #endif
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -223,6 +231,9 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
         if (engine == sdl->GetEngineName()) {
             return true;
         }
+        if (engine == joycon->GetEngineName()) {
+            return true;
+        }
 #endif
         return false;
     }
@@ -236,6 +247,7 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
         udp_client->BeginConfiguration();
 #ifdef HAVE_SDL2
         sdl->BeginConfiguration();
+        joycon->BeginConfiguration();
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -248,6 +260,7 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
         udp_client->EndConfiguration();
 #ifdef HAVE_SDL2
         sdl->EndConfiguration();
+        joycon->EndConfiguration();
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -278,6 +291,7 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SDL2
     std::shared_ptr<SDLDriver> sdl;
+    std::shared_ptr<Joycons> joycon;
 #endif
 };
 

src/tests/video_core/buffer_base.cpp

@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Cached write downloads") {
     int num = 0;
     buffer.ForEachDownloadRangeAndClear(c, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) { ++num; });
     buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) { ++num; });
-    REQUIRE(num == 0);
+    REQUIRE(num == 1);
     REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE, PAGE));
     REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionGpuModified(c + PAGE, PAGE));
     buffer.FlushCachedWrites();

src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ add_library(video_core STATIC
     gpu.h
     gpu_thread.cpp
     gpu_thread.h
+    invalidation_accumulator.h
     memory_manager.cpp
     memory_manager.h
     precompiled_headers.h
@@ -99,6 +100,8 @@ add_library(video_core STATIC
     renderer_null/null_rasterizer.h
     renderer_null/renderer_null.cpp
     renderer_null/renderer_null.h
+    renderer_opengl/blit_image.cpp
+    renderer_opengl/blit_image.h
     renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp
     renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h
     renderer_opengl/gl_compute_pipeline.cpp
@@ -190,6 +193,8 @@ add_library(video_core STATIC
     renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
     renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h
     renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache_base.cpp
+    renderer_vulkan/vk_turbo_mode.cpp
+    renderer_vulkan/vk_turbo_mode.h
     renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.cpp
     renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.h
     shader_cache.cpp

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_base.h

@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ private:
         if (query_begin >= SizeBytes() || size < 0) {
             return;
         }
-        u64* const untracked_words = Array<Type::Untracked>();
+        [[maybe_unused]] u64* const untracked_words = Array<Type::Untracked>();
         u64* const state_words = Array<type>();
         const u64 query_end = query_begin + std::min(static_cast<u64>(size), SizeBytes());
         u64* const words_begin = state_words + query_begin / BYTES_PER_WORD;
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ private:
                 NotifyRasterizer<true>(word_index, current_bits, ~u64{0});
             }
             // Exclude CPU modified pages when visiting GPU pages
-            const u64 word = current_word & ~(type == Type::GPU ? untracked_words[word_index] : 0);
+            const u64 word = current_word;
             u64 page = page_begin;
             page_begin = 0;
 
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ private:
     [[nodiscard]] bool IsRegionModified(u64 offset, u64 size) const noexcept {
         static_assert(type != Type::Untracked);
 
-        const u64* const untracked_words = Array<Type::Untracked>();
+        [[maybe_unused]] const u64* const untracked_words = Array<Type::Untracked>();
         const u64* const state_words = Array<type>();
         const u64 num_query_words = size / BYTES_PER_WORD + 1;
         const u64 word_begin = offset / BYTES_PER_WORD;
@@ -539,8 +539,7 @@ private:
         const u64 page_limit = Common::DivCeil(offset + size, BYTES_PER_PAGE);
         u64 page_index = (offset / BYTES_PER_PAGE) % PAGES_PER_WORD;
         for (u64 word_index = word_begin; word_index < word_end; ++word_index, page_index = 0) {
-            const u64 off_word = type == Type::GPU ? untracked_words[word_index] : 0;
+            const u64 word = state_words[word_index];
-            const u64 word = state_words[word_index] & ~off_word;
             if (word == 0) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -564,7 +563,7 @@ private:
     [[nodiscard]] std::pair<u64, u64> ModifiedRegion(u64 offset, u64 size) const noexcept {
         static_assert(type != Type::Untracked);
 
-        const u64* const untracked_words = Array<Type::Untracked>();
+        [[maybe_unused]] const u64* const untracked_words = Array<Type::Untracked>();
         const u64* const state_words = Array<type>();
         const u64 num_query_words = size / BYTES_PER_WORD + 1;
         const u64 word_begin = offset / BYTES_PER_WORD;
@@ -574,8 +573,7 @@ private:
         u64 begin = std::numeric_limits<u64>::max();
         u64 end = 0;
         for (u64 word_index = word_begin; word_index < word_end; ++word_index) {
-            const u64 off_word = type == Type::GPU ? untracked_words[word_index] : 0;
+            const u64 word = state_words[word_index];
-            const u64 word = state_words[word_index] & ~off_word;
             if (word == 0) {
                 continue;
             }

src/video_core/engines/draw_manager.cpp

@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ void DrawManager::ProcessMethodCall(u32 method, u32 argument) {
         LOG_WARNING(HW_GPU, "(STUBBED) called");
         break;
     }
+    case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(draw_texture.src_y0): {
+        DrawTexture();
+        break;
+    }
     default:
         break;
     }
@@ -179,6 +183,33 @@ void DrawManager::DrawIndexSmall(u32 argument) {
     ProcessDraw(true, 1);
 }
 
+void DrawManager::DrawTexture() {
+    const auto& regs{maxwell3d->regs};
+    draw_texture_state.dst_x0 = static_cast<float>(regs.draw_texture.dst_x0) / 4096.f;
+    draw_texture_state.dst_y0 = static_cast<float>(regs.draw_texture.dst_y0) / 4096.f;
+    const auto dst_width = static_cast<float>(regs.draw_texture.dst_width) / 4096.f;
+    const auto dst_height = static_cast<float>(regs.draw_texture.dst_height) / 4096.f;
+    const bool lower_left{regs.window_origin.mode !=
+                          Maxwell3D::Regs::WindowOrigin::Mode::UpperLeft};
+    if (lower_left) {
+        draw_texture_state.dst_y0 -= dst_height;
+    }
+    draw_texture_state.dst_x1 = draw_texture_state.dst_x0 + dst_width;
+    draw_texture_state.dst_y1 = draw_texture_state.dst_y0 + dst_height;
+    draw_texture_state.src_x0 = static_cast<float>(regs.draw_texture.src_x0) / 4096.f;
+    draw_texture_state.src_y0 = static_cast<float>(regs.draw_texture.src_y0) / 4096.f;
+    draw_texture_state.src_x1 =
+        (static_cast<float>(regs.draw_texture.dx_du) / 4294967295.f) * dst_width +
+        draw_texture_state.src_x0;
+    draw_texture_state.src_y1 =
+        (static_cast<float>(regs.draw_texture.dy_dv) / 4294967295.f) * dst_height +
+        draw_texture_state.src_y0;
+    draw_texture_state.src_sampler = regs.draw_texture.src_sampler;
+    draw_texture_state.src_texture = regs.draw_texture.src_texture;
+
+    maxwell3d->rasterizer->DrawTexture();
+}
+
 void DrawManager::UpdateTopology() {
     const auto& regs{maxwell3d->regs};
     switch (regs.primitive_topology_control) {

src/video_core/engines/draw_manager.h

@@ -32,6 +32,19 @@ public:
         std::vector<u8> inline_index_draw_indexes;
     };
 
+    struct DrawTextureState {
+        f32 dst_x0;
+        f32 dst_y0;
+        f32 dst_x1;
+        f32 dst_y1;
+        f32 src_x0;
+        f32 src_y0;
+        f32 src_x1;
+        f32 src_y1;
+        u32 src_sampler;
+        u32 src_texture;
+    };
+
     struct IndirectParams {
         bool is_indexed;
         bool include_count;
@@ -64,6 +77,10 @@ public:
         return draw_state;
     }
 
+    const DrawTextureState& GetDrawTextureState() const {
+        return draw_texture_state;
+    }
+
     IndirectParams& GetIndirectParams() {
         return indirect_state;
     }
@@ -81,6 +98,8 @@ private:
 
     void DrawIndexSmall(u32 argument);
 
+    void DrawTexture();
+
     void UpdateTopology();
 
     void ProcessDraw(bool draw_indexed, u32 instance_count);
@@ -89,6 +108,7 @@ private:
 
     Maxwell3D* maxwell3d{};
     State draw_state{};
+    DrawTextureState draw_texture_state{};
     IndirectParams indirect_state{};
 };
 } // namespace Tegra::Engines

src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.cpp

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ void State::ProcessData(std::span<const u8> read_buffer) {
                                        regs.dest.height, regs.dest.depth, x_offset, regs.dest.y,
                                        x_elements, regs.line_count, regs.dest.BlockHeight(),
                                        regs.dest.BlockDepth(), regs.line_length_in);
-        memory_manager.WriteBlock(address, tmp_buffer.data(), dst_size);
+        memory_manager.WriteBlockCached(address, tmp_buffer.data(), dst_size);
     }
 }
 

src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/sw_blitter/blitter.h"
+#include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
 #include "video_core/surface.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
 using namespace Texture;
 
-Fermi2D::Fermi2D(MemoryManager& memory_manager_) {
+Fermi2D::Fermi2D(MemoryManager& memory_manager_) : memory_manager{memory_manager_} {
-    sw_blitter = std::make_unique<Blitter::SoftwareBlitEngine>(memory_manager_);
+    sw_blitter = std::make_unique<Blitter::SoftwareBlitEngine>(memory_manager);
     // Nvidia's OpenGL driver seems to assume these values
     regs.src.depth = 1;
     regs.dst.depth = 1;
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ void Fermi2D::Blit() {
         config.src_x0 = 0;
     }
 
+    memory_manager.FlushCaching();
     if (!rasterizer->AccelerateSurfaceCopy(src, regs.dst, config)) {
         sw_blitter->Blit(src, regs.dst, config);
     }

src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h

@@ -305,6 +305,7 @@ public:
 private:
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer = nullptr;
     std::unique_ptr<Blitter::SoftwareBlitEngine> sw_blitter;
+    MemoryManager& memory_manager;
 
     /// Performs the copy from the source surface to the destination surface as configured in the
     /// registers.

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ bool Maxwell3D::IsMethodExecutable(u32 method) {
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(inline_index_4x8.index0):
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(vertex_array_instance_first):
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(vertex_array_instance_subsequent):
+    case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(draw_texture.src_y0):
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(wait_for_idle):
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(shadow_ram_control):
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(load_mme.instruction_ptr):
@@ -485,11 +486,6 @@ void Maxwell3D::StampQueryResult(u64 payload, bool long_query) {
 }
 
 void Maxwell3D::ProcessQueryGet() {
-    // TODO(Subv): Support the other query units.
-    if (regs.report_semaphore.query.location != Regs::ReportSemaphore::Location::All) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(HW_GPU, "Locations other than ALL are unimplemented");
-    }
-
     switch (regs.report_semaphore.query.operation) {
     case Regs::ReportSemaphore::Operation::Release:
         if (regs.report_semaphore.query.short_query != 0) {
@@ -649,7 +645,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::ProcessCBMultiData(const u32* start_base, u32 amount) {
 
     const GPUVAddr address{buffer_address + regs.const_buffer.offset};
     const size_t copy_size = amount * sizeof(u32);
-    memory_manager.WriteBlock(address, start_base, copy_size);
+    memory_manager.WriteBlockCached(address, start_base, copy_size);
 
     // Increment the current buffer position.
     regs.const_buffer.offset += static_cast<u32>(copy_size);